150 10 2888 https://www.hornadayscrapbooks.com/files/original/3183c574b6d0a40820dbc61c1a719c21.jpg 2cb565a16c046f98c613fb9b9ecbd317 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Volume 5: The Saving of the Fur Seal Industry, 1909-1912. Part II, 1910-1935 (bulk 1910-1912) Description An account of the resource When William T. Hornaday joined in the fight to protect the Northern fur seal, he entered a decades-old battle concerning the overhunting of the species on and near the Pribilof Islands. Located 300 miles off the west coast of Alaska, the Pribilof Islands became the property of the United States in 1867, and they enticed enterprising businessmen who rushed to exploit one of the islands’ most prominent natural resources: fur seals. Seal hunting was an established and highly profitable business, and the islands were sought for their rookeries; additionally, during the 1880s, Canadian, American, and Japanese ships aggressively engaged in pelagic sealing to fuel the valuable industry. By the end of the nineteenth century, hunting had depleted the islands’ herds to near-extinction levels. Alarm over this situation developed into a complex, often bitter, international affair involving politicians, government officials, scientists, and other private citizens. For many years, the loudest voice among this last group of individuals belonged to Henry Wood Elliott, an artist and self-described naturalist who served in the 1870s as assistant treasury agent for the Pribilof Islands. Elliott, who was among the first to study and paint the Northern fur seal, also witnessed the species’ massacre in the face of overhunting, and he embarked on a militant crusade for governmental action to protect them. Elliott believed in an end not only to pelagic sealing—a belief supported by many scientists and by the federal Fur Seal Service—but also to managed seal harvesting on land. In his tireless campaign to promote his views, Elliott had become, as Hornaday would later put it, “in much disfavor among the Congressional and departmental enemies of the fur seal,” and Elliott began to despair of his cause. In 1907, feeling his campaign stalled, Elliott reached out to Hornaday for support. Hornaday readily took up the cause, backed by the Camp Fire Club, who agreed to make the issue an official club mandate. Initially, Hornaday’s strategy was to present himself as a nonpartisan figure. Attempting to set aside past history over the issue, he asked Elliott to remain in the background. In February 1910, Hornaday testified before the Senate Committee on Natural Resources and recommended the elimination of the government’s lease of the Pribilof Islands to private companies, an end to pelagic sealing, and a ten-year closed season on land sealing. The bill passed with important provisions for the protection of fur seals. The leasing system was ended in 1910. Pelagic sealing was banned, and the so-called Fur Seal Treaty of 1911, signed by the United States, Great Britain, Japan, and Russia, became the first international treaty to address wildlife conservation. And yet, in spite of this success, the bill was eventually implemented without a fundamental element of Hornaday’s recommendations: the closed season on land sealing, which, contrary to Hornaday and Elliott, many government agents and scientists did not perceive as a threat to the herds. Outraged, Hornaday summoned Elliott from the shadows, and the two marched forward into what Hornaday called the “war of the greatest bitterness ever waged in any fight over a wild animal species,” involving months of angry exchanges via letters and publications as well as congressional hearings on the matter. In the end, in August 1912, Hornaday and Elliott emerged successful, with Congress enacting a five-year closed season. When this closed season expired in 1917, the fur seal population had grown to a healthy count of nearly a half million animals. Volumes 4, 5, and 6 of the Hornaday Scrapbook Collection on the History of Wild Life Protection and Extermination illustrate Elliott and Hornaday’s campaign for fur seal protection. The books are composed largely of correspondence and memoranda written by Elliott, who obsessively documented the affair, even drawing up his own political cartoons and organizing a “card catalog” of those he considered enemies to fur seal protection. For Hornaday, who compiled these books in the 1930s with the assistance of H. Ernestine Bulger Ripley, the preservation of Elliott’s materials was a testament to the man he considered the true victor of this fight. Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context 1007-04-05 Wildlife Conservation Society Local metadata elements for the Wildlife Conservation Society Holding Institution Name of the institution which holds the analog material Wildlife Conservation Society Archives Digitization Specifications Detailed information about how digitization was done Camera: Canon EOS 6D with EF 100mm f/2.8L Macro IS USM, Software: Adobe Photoshop Lightroom 4, Master: 240 ppi 16-bit depth color TIFF Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context 1007-04-05-059-m Title A name given to the resource William T. Hornaday wildlife conservation scrapbook, volume 5, page 59m Has Part A related resource that is included either physically or logically in the described resource. Committee on Expenditures in the Department of Commerce and Labor. Hearings on House resolution no. 73 to investigate the fur-seal industry in Alaska, 1911-07-13. 17 pgs. Annotated. Contributor An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource United States. Congress. House. Committee on Expenditures in the Department of Commerce and Labor Is Part Of A related resource in which the described resource is physically or logically included. The saving of the fur seal industry, 1909-1912. Part II. William T. Hornaday scrapbook collection on the history of wild life protection and extermination. Volume 5 Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Hornaday, William T. (William Temple), 1854-1937 Ripley, H. Ernestine (Harriet Ernestine), 1872- Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1935 Subject The topic of the resource Elliott, Henry Wood, 1846-1930 Hornaday, William T. (William Temple), 1854-1937 New York Zoological Society Wildlife conservation--United States--History Northern fur seal--Conservation--Law and legislation--History Sealing--Alaska--Pribilof Islands--History Scrapbooks Type The nature or genre of the resource text Language A language of the resource eng Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived Original item in WCS Archives Collection 1007 Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Wildlife Conservation Society Archives Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource This item may be protected by copyright. For rights and permissions, contact the Wildlife Conservation Society Archives, library@wcs.org Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource image/jpeg https://www.hornadayscrapbooks.com/files/original/6eeb75d970e7f9987c3ca92ac5e36347.jpg a135919601b4fc3586dd95fb51e5cb54 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Volume 5: The Saving of the Fur Seal Industry, 1909-1912. Part II, 1910-1935 (bulk 1910-1912) Description An account of the resource When William T. Hornaday joined in the fight to protect the Northern fur seal, he entered a decades-old battle concerning the overhunting of the species on and near the Pribilof Islands. Located 300 miles off the west coast of Alaska, the Pribilof Islands became the property of the United States in 1867, and they enticed enterprising businessmen who rushed to exploit one of the islands’ most prominent natural resources: fur seals. Seal hunting was an established and highly profitable business, and the islands were sought for their rookeries; additionally, during the 1880s, Canadian, American, and Japanese ships aggressively engaged in pelagic sealing to fuel the valuable industry. By the end of the nineteenth century, hunting had depleted the islands’ herds to near-extinction levels. Alarm over this situation developed into a complex, often bitter, international affair involving politicians, government officials, scientists, and other private citizens. For many years, the loudest voice among this last group of individuals belonged to Henry Wood Elliott, an artist and self-described naturalist who served in the 1870s as assistant treasury agent for the Pribilof Islands. Elliott, who was among the first to study and paint the Northern fur seal, also witnessed the species’ massacre in the face of overhunting, and he embarked on a militant crusade for governmental action to protect them. Elliott believed in an end not only to pelagic sealing—a belief supported by many scientists and by the federal Fur Seal Service—but also to managed seal harvesting on land. In his tireless campaign to promote his views, Elliott had become, as Hornaday would later put it, “in much disfavor among the Congressional and departmental enemies of the fur seal,” and Elliott began to despair of his cause. In 1907, feeling his campaign stalled, Elliott reached out to Hornaday for support. Hornaday readily took up the cause, backed by the Camp Fire Club, who agreed to make the issue an official club mandate. Initially, Hornaday’s strategy was to present himself as a nonpartisan figure. Attempting to set aside past history over the issue, he asked Elliott to remain in the background. In February 1910, Hornaday testified before the Senate Committee on Natural Resources and recommended the elimination of the government’s lease of the Pribilof Islands to private companies, an end to pelagic sealing, and a ten-year closed season on land sealing. The bill passed with important provisions for the protection of fur seals. The leasing system was ended in 1910. Pelagic sealing was banned, and the so-called Fur Seal Treaty of 1911, signed by the United States, Great Britain, Japan, and Russia, became the first international treaty to address wildlife conservation. And yet, in spite of this success, the bill was eventually implemented without a fundamental element of Hornaday’s recommendations: the closed season on land sealing, which, contrary to Hornaday and Elliott, many government agents and scientists did not perceive as a threat to the herds. Outraged, Hornaday summoned Elliott from the shadows, and the two marched forward into what Hornaday called the “war of the greatest bitterness ever waged in any fight over a wild animal species,” involving months of angry exchanges via letters and publications as well as congressional hearings on the matter. In the end, in August 1912, Hornaday and Elliott emerged successful, with Congress enacting a five-year closed season. When this closed season expired in 1917, the fur seal population had grown to a healthy count of nearly a half million animals. Volumes 4, 5, and 6 of the Hornaday Scrapbook Collection on the History of Wild Life Protection and Extermination illustrate Elliott and Hornaday’s campaign for fur seal protection. The books are composed largely of correspondence and memoranda written by Elliott, who obsessively documented the affair, even drawing up his own political cartoons and organizing a “card catalog” of those he considered enemies to fur seal protection. For Hornaday, who compiled these books in the 1930s with the assistance of H. Ernestine Bulger Ripley, the preservation of Elliott’s materials was a testament to the man he considered the true victor of this fight. Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context 1007-04-05 Wildlife Conservation Society Local metadata elements for the Wildlife Conservation Society Holding Institution Name of the institution which holds the analog material Wildlife Conservation Society Archives Digitization Specifications Detailed information about how digitization was done Camera: Canon EOS 6D with EF 100mm f/2.8L Macro IS USM, Software: Adobe Photoshop Lightroom 4, Master: 240 ppi 16-bit depth color TIFF Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context 1007-04-05-059-n Title A name given to the resource William T. Hornaday wildlife conservation scrapbook, volume 5, page 59n Has Part A related resource that is included either physically or logically in the described resource. Committee on Expenditures in the Department of Commerce and Labor. Hearings on House resolution no. 73 to investigate the fur-seal industry in Alaska, 1911-07-13. 17 pgs. Annotated. Contributor An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource United States. Congress. House. Committee on Expenditures in the Department of Commerce and Labor Is Part Of A related resource in which the described resource is physically or logically included. The saving of the fur seal industry, 1909-1912. Part II. William T. Hornaday scrapbook collection on the history of wild life protection and extermination. Volume 5 Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Hornaday, William T. (William Temple), 1854-1937 Ripley, H. Ernestine (Harriet Ernestine), 1872- Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1935 Subject The topic of the resource Elliott, Henry Wood, 1846-1930 Hornaday, William T. (William Temple), 1854-1937 New York Zoological Society Wildlife conservation--United States--History Northern fur seal--Conservation--Law and legislation--History Sealing--Alaska--Pribilof Islands--History Scrapbooks Type The nature or genre of the resource text Language A language of the resource eng Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived Original item in WCS Archives Collection 1007 Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Wildlife Conservation Society Archives Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource This item may be protected by copyright. For rights and permissions, contact the Wildlife Conservation Society Archives, library@wcs.org Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource image/jpeg https://www.hornadayscrapbooks.com/files/original/017be598a848d829eaf27b0a40485847.jpg 94209dd0268aa5795bc7ce0329fdf89e Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Volume 5: The Saving of the Fur Seal Industry, 1909-1912. Part II, 1910-1935 (bulk 1910-1912) Description An account of the resource When William T. Hornaday joined in the fight to protect the Northern fur seal, he entered a decades-old battle concerning the overhunting of the species on and near the Pribilof Islands. Located 300 miles off the west coast of Alaska, the Pribilof Islands became the property of the United States in 1867, and they enticed enterprising businessmen who rushed to exploit one of the islands’ most prominent natural resources: fur seals. Seal hunting was an established and highly profitable business, and the islands were sought for their rookeries; additionally, during the 1880s, Canadian, American, and Japanese ships aggressively engaged in pelagic sealing to fuel the valuable industry. By the end of the nineteenth century, hunting had depleted the islands’ herds to near-extinction levels. Alarm over this situation developed into a complex, often bitter, international affair involving politicians, government officials, scientists, and other private citizens. For many years, the loudest voice among this last group of individuals belonged to Henry Wood Elliott, an artist and self-described naturalist who served in the 1870s as assistant treasury agent for the Pribilof Islands. Elliott, who was among the first to study and paint the Northern fur seal, also witnessed the species’ massacre in the face of overhunting, and he embarked on a militant crusade for governmental action to protect them. Elliott believed in an end not only to pelagic sealing—a belief supported by many scientists and by the federal Fur Seal Service—but also to managed seal harvesting on land. In his tireless campaign to promote his views, Elliott had become, as Hornaday would later put it, “in much disfavor among the Congressional and departmental enemies of the fur seal,” and Elliott began to despair of his cause. In 1907, feeling his campaign stalled, Elliott reached out to Hornaday for support. Hornaday readily took up the cause, backed by the Camp Fire Club, who agreed to make the issue an official club mandate. Initially, Hornaday’s strategy was to present himself as a nonpartisan figure. Attempting to set aside past history over the issue, he asked Elliott to remain in the background. In February 1910, Hornaday testified before the Senate Committee on Natural Resources and recommended the elimination of the government’s lease of the Pribilof Islands to private companies, an end to pelagic sealing, and a ten-year closed season on land sealing. The bill passed with important provisions for the protection of fur seals. The leasing system was ended in 1910. Pelagic sealing was banned, and the so-called Fur Seal Treaty of 1911, signed by the United States, Great Britain, Japan, and Russia, became the first international treaty to address wildlife conservation. And yet, in spite of this success, the bill was eventually implemented without a fundamental element of Hornaday’s recommendations: the closed season on land sealing, which, contrary to Hornaday and Elliott, many government agents and scientists did not perceive as a threat to the herds. Outraged, Hornaday summoned Elliott from the shadows, and the two marched forward into what Hornaday called the “war of the greatest bitterness ever waged in any fight over a wild animal species,” involving months of angry exchanges via letters and publications as well as congressional hearings on the matter. In the end, in August 1912, Hornaday and Elliott emerged successful, with Congress enacting a five-year closed season. When this closed season expired in 1917, the fur seal population had grown to a healthy count of nearly a half million animals. Volumes 4, 5, and 6 of the Hornaday Scrapbook Collection on the History of Wild Life Protection and Extermination illustrate Elliott and Hornaday’s campaign for fur seal protection. The books are composed largely of correspondence and memoranda written by Elliott, who obsessively documented the affair, even drawing up his own political cartoons and organizing a “card catalog” of those he considered enemies to fur seal protection. For Hornaday, who compiled these books in the 1930s with the assistance of H. Ernestine Bulger Ripley, the preservation of Elliott’s materials was a testament to the man he considered the true victor of this fight. Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context 1007-04-05 Wildlife Conservation Society Local metadata elements for the Wildlife Conservation Society Holding Institution Name of the institution which holds the analog material Wildlife Conservation Society Archives Digitization Specifications Detailed information about how digitization was done Camera: Canon EOS 6D with EF 100mm f/2.8L Macro IS USM, Software: Adobe Photoshop Lightroom 4, Master: 240 ppi 16-bit depth color TIFF Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context 1007-04-05-059-o Title A name given to the resource William T. Hornaday wildlife conservation scrapbook, volume 5, page 59o Has Part A related resource that is included either physically or logically in the described resource. Committee on Expenditures in the Department of Commerce and Labor. Hearings on House resolution no. 73 to investigate the fur-seal industry in Alaska, 1911-07-13. 17 pgs. Annotated. Contributor An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource United States. Congress. House. Committee on Expenditures in the Department of Commerce and Labor Is Part Of A related resource in which the described resource is physically or logically included. The saving of the fur seal industry, 1909-1912. Part II. William T. Hornaday scrapbook collection on the history of wild life protection and extermination. Volume 5 Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Hornaday, William T. (William Temple), 1854-1937 Ripley, H. Ernestine (Harriet Ernestine), 1872- Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1935 Subject The topic of the resource Elliott, Henry Wood, 1846-1930 Hornaday, William T. (William Temple), 1854-1937 New York Zoological Society Wildlife conservation--United States--History Northern fur seal--Conservation--Law and legislation--History Sealing--Alaska--Pribilof Islands--History Scrapbooks Type The nature or genre of the resource text Language A language of the resource eng Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived Original item in WCS Archives Collection 1007 Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Wildlife Conservation Society Archives Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource This item may be protected by copyright. For rights and permissions, contact the Wildlife Conservation Society Archives, library@wcs.org Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource image/jpeg https://www.hornadayscrapbooks.com/files/original/9c782d44d4cd55f6fe5cc608562f565f.jpg fc7f3089e60b241fe0a80411d69ceca6 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Volume 5: The Saving of the Fur Seal Industry, 1909-1912. Part II, 1910-1935 (bulk 1910-1912) Description An account of the resource When William T. Hornaday joined in the fight to protect the Northern fur seal, he entered a decades-old battle concerning the overhunting of the species on and near the Pribilof Islands. Located 300 miles off the west coast of Alaska, the Pribilof Islands became the property of the United States in 1867, and they enticed enterprising businessmen who rushed to exploit one of the islands’ most prominent natural resources: fur seals. Seal hunting was an established and highly profitable business, and the islands were sought for their rookeries; additionally, during the 1880s, Canadian, American, and Japanese ships aggressively engaged in pelagic sealing to fuel the valuable industry. By the end of the nineteenth century, hunting had depleted the islands’ herds to near-extinction levels. Alarm over this situation developed into a complex, often bitter, international affair involving politicians, government officials, scientists, and other private citizens. For many years, the loudest voice among this last group of individuals belonged to Henry Wood Elliott, an artist and self-described naturalist who served in the 1870s as assistant treasury agent for the Pribilof Islands. Elliott, who was among the first to study and paint the Northern fur seal, also witnessed the species’ massacre in the face of overhunting, and he embarked on a militant crusade for governmental action to protect them. Elliott believed in an end not only to pelagic sealing—a belief supported by many scientists and by the federal Fur Seal Service—but also to managed seal harvesting on land. In his tireless campaign to promote his views, Elliott had become, as Hornaday would later put it, “in much disfavor among the Congressional and departmental enemies of the fur seal,” and Elliott began to despair of his cause. In 1907, feeling his campaign stalled, Elliott reached out to Hornaday for support. Hornaday readily took up the cause, backed by the Camp Fire Club, who agreed to make the issue an official club mandate. Initially, Hornaday’s strategy was to present himself as a nonpartisan figure. Attempting to set aside past history over the issue, he asked Elliott to remain in the background. In February 1910, Hornaday testified before the Senate Committee on Natural Resources and recommended the elimination of the government’s lease of the Pribilof Islands to private companies, an end to pelagic sealing, and a ten-year closed season on land sealing. The bill passed with important provisions for the protection of fur seals. The leasing system was ended in 1910. Pelagic sealing was banned, and the so-called Fur Seal Treaty of 1911, signed by the United States, Great Britain, Japan, and Russia, became the first international treaty to address wildlife conservation. And yet, in spite of this success, the bill was eventually implemented without a fundamental element of Hornaday’s recommendations: the closed season on land sealing, which, contrary to Hornaday and Elliott, many government agents and scientists did not perceive as a threat to the herds. Outraged, Hornaday summoned Elliott from the shadows, and the two marched forward into what Hornaday called the “war of the greatest bitterness ever waged in any fight over a wild animal species,” involving months of angry exchanges via letters and publications as well as congressional hearings on the matter. In the end, in August 1912, Hornaday and Elliott emerged successful, with Congress enacting a five-year closed season. When this closed season expired in 1917, the fur seal population had grown to a healthy count of nearly a half million animals. Volumes 4, 5, and 6 of the Hornaday Scrapbook Collection on the History of Wild Life Protection and Extermination illustrate Elliott and Hornaday’s campaign for fur seal protection. The books are composed largely of correspondence and memoranda written by Elliott, who obsessively documented the affair, even drawing up his own political cartoons and organizing a “card catalog” of those he considered enemies to fur seal protection. For Hornaday, who compiled these books in the 1930s with the assistance of H. Ernestine Bulger Ripley, the preservation of Elliott’s materials was a testament to the man he considered the true victor of this fight. Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context 1007-04-05 Wildlife Conservation Society Local metadata elements for the Wildlife Conservation Society Holding Institution Name of the institution which holds the analog material Wildlife Conservation Society Archives Digitization Specifications Detailed information about how digitization was done Camera: Canon EOS 6D with EF 100mm f/2.8L Macro IS USM, Software: Adobe Photoshop Lightroom 4, Master: 240 ppi 16-bit depth color TIFF Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context 1007-04-05-059-p Title A name given to the resource William T. Hornaday wildlife conservation scrapbook, volume 5, page 59p Has Part A related resource that is included either physically or logically in the described resource. Committee on Expenditures in the Department of Commerce and Labor. Hearings on House resolution no. 73 to investigate the fur-seal industry in Alaska, 1911-07-13. 17 pgs. Annotated. Contributor An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource United States. Congress. House. Committee on Expenditures in the Department of Commerce and Labor Is Part Of A related resource in which the described resource is physically or logically included. The saving of the fur seal industry, 1909-1912. Part II. William T. Hornaday scrapbook collection on the history of wild life protection and extermination. Volume 5 Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Hornaday, William T. (William Temple), 1854-1937 Ripley, H. Ernestine (Harriet Ernestine), 1872- Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1935 Subject The topic of the resource Elliott, Henry Wood, 1846-1930 Hornaday, William T. (William Temple), 1854-1937 New York Zoological Society Wildlife conservation--United States--History Northern fur seal--Conservation--Law and legislation--History Sealing--Alaska--Pribilof Islands--History Scrapbooks Type The nature or genre of the resource text Language A language of the resource eng Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived Original item in WCS Archives Collection 1007 Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Wildlife Conservation Society Archives Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource This item may be protected by copyright. For rights and permissions, contact the Wildlife Conservation Society Archives, library@wcs.org Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource image/jpeg https://www.hornadayscrapbooks.com/files/original/760bc5cb8834440dbd0230071b864f81.jpg e7f0b7593fc5fe65129a4ada03af12c6 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Volume 5: The Saving of the Fur Seal Industry, 1909-1912. Part II, 1910-1935 (bulk 1910-1912) Description An account of the resource When William T. Hornaday joined in the fight to protect the Northern fur seal, he entered a decades-old battle concerning the overhunting of the species on and near the Pribilof Islands. Located 300 miles off the west coast of Alaska, the Pribilof Islands became the property of the United States in 1867, and they enticed enterprising businessmen who rushed to exploit one of the islands’ most prominent natural resources: fur seals. Seal hunting was an established and highly profitable business, and the islands were sought for their rookeries; additionally, during the 1880s, Canadian, American, and Japanese ships aggressively engaged in pelagic sealing to fuel the valuable industry. By the end of the nineteenth century, hunting had depleted the islands’ herds to near-extinction levels. Alarm over this situation developed into a complex, often bitter, international affair involving politicians, government officials, scientists, and other private citizens. For many years, the loudest voice among this last group of individuals belonged to Henry Wood Elliott, an artist and self-described naturalist who served in the 1870s as assistant treasury agent for the Pribilof Islands. Elliott, who was among the first to study and paint the Northern fur seal, also witnessed the species’ massacre in the face of overhunting, and he embarked on a militant crusade for governmental action to protect them. Elliott believed in an end not only to pelagic sealing—a belief supported by many scientists and by the federal Fur Seal Service—but also to managed seal harvesting on land. In his tireless campaign to promote his views, Elliott had become, as Hornaday would later put it, “in much disfavor among the Congressional and departmental enemies of the fur seal,” and Elliott began to despair of his cause. In 1907, feeling his campaign stalled, Elliott reached out to Hornaday for support. Hornaday readily took up the cause, backed by the Camp Fire Club, who agreed to make the issue an official club mandate. Initially, Hornaday’s strategy was to present himself as a nonpartisan figure. Attempting to set aside past history over the issue, he asked Elliott to remain in the background. In February 1910, Hornaday testified before the Senate Committee on Natural Resources and recommended the elimination of the government’s lease of the Pribilof Islands to private companies, an end to pelagic sealing, and a ten-year closed season on land sealing. The bill passed with important provisions for the protection of fur seals. The leasing system was ended in 1910. Pelagic sealing was banned, and the so-called Fur Seal Treaty of 1911, signed by the United States, Great Britain, Japan, and Russia, became the first international treaty to address wildlife conservation. And yet, in spite of this success, the bill was eventually implemented without a fundamental element of Hornaday’s recommendations: the closed season on land sealing, which, contrary to Hornaday and Elliott, many government agents and scientists did not perceive as a threat to the herds. Outraged, Hornaday summoned Elliott from the shadows, and the two marched forward into what Hornaday called the “war of the greatest bitterness ever waged in any fight over a wild animal species,” involving months of angry exchanges via letters and publications as well as congressional hearings on the matter. In the end, in August 1912, Hornaday and Elliott emerged successful, with Congress enacting a five-year closed season. When this closed season expired in 1917, the fur seal population had grown to a healthy count of nearly a half million animals. Volumes 4, 5, and 6 of the Hornaday Scrapbook Collection on the History of Wild Life Protection and Extermination illustrate Elliott and Hornaday’s campaign for fur seal protection. The books are composed largely of correspondence and memoranda written by Elliott, who obsessively documented the affair, even drawing up his own political cartoons and organizing a “card catalog” of those he considered enemies to fur seal protection. For Hornaday, who compiled these books in the 1930s with the assistance of H. Ernestine Bulger Ripley, the preservation of Elliott’s materials was a testament to the man he considered the true victor of this fight. Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context 1007-04-05 Wildlife Conservation Society Local metadata elements for the Wildlife Conservation Society Holding Institution Name of the institution which holds the analog material Wildlife Conservation Society Archives Digitization Specifications Detailed information about how digitization was done Camera: Canon EOS 6D with EF 100mm f/2.8L Macro IS USM, Software: Adobe Photoshop Lightroom 4, Master: 240 ppi 16-bit depth color TIFF Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context 1007-04-05-059-q Title A name given to the resource William T. Hornaday wildlife conservation scrapbook, volume 5, page 59q Has Part A related resource that is included either physically or logically in the described resource. Committee on Expenditures in the Department of Commerce and Labor. Hearings on House resolution no. 73 to investigate the fur-seal industry in Alaska, 1911-07-13. 17 pgs. Annotated. Contributor An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource United States. Congress. House. Committee on Expenditures in the Department of Commerce and Labor Is Part Of A related resource in which the described resource is physically or logically included. The saving of the fur seal industry, 1909-1912. Part II. William T. Hornaday scrapbook collection on the history of wild life protection and extermination. Volume 5 Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Hornaday, William T. (William Temple), 1854-1937 Ripley, H. Ernestine (Harriet Ernestine), 1872- Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1935 Subject The topic of the resource Elliott, Henry Wood, 1846-1930 Hornaday, William T. (William Temple), 1854-1937 New York Zoological Society Wildlife conservation--United States--History Northern fur seal--Conservation--Law and legislation--History Sealing--Alaska--Pribilof Islands--History Scrapbooks Type The nature or genre of the resource text Language A language of the resource eng Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived Original item in WCS Archives Collection 1007 Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Wildlife Conservation Society Archives Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource This item may be protected by copyright. For rights and permissions, contact the Wildlife Conservation Society Archives, library@wcs.org Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource image/jpeg https://www.hornadayscrapbooks.com/files/original/75c9f28d53ce95942a2658d91e1c9f9c.jpg 8759ff5b5108a1a4a9f70c963700316c Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Volume 5: The Saving of the Fur Seal Industry, 1909-1912. Part II, 1910-1935 (bulk 1910-1912) Description An account of the resource When William T. Hornaday joined in the fight to protect the Northern fur seal, he entered a decades-old battle concerning the overhunting of the species on and near the Pribilof Islands. Located 300 miles off the west coast of Alaska, the Pribilof Islands became the property of the United States in 1867, and they enticed enterprising businessmen who rushed to exploit one of the islands’ most prominent natural resources: fur seals. Seal hunting was an established and highly profitable business, and the islands were sought for their rookeries; additionally, during the 1880s, Canadian, American, and Japanese ships aggressively engaged in pelagic sealing to fuel the valuable industry. By the end of the nineteenth century, hunting had depleted the islands’ herds to near-extinction levels. Alarm over this situation developed into a complex, often bitter, international affair involving politicians, government officials, scientists, and other private citizens. For many years, the loudest voice among this last group of individuals belonged to Henry Wood Elliott, an artist and self-described naturalist who served in the 1870s as assistant treasury agent for the Pribilof Islands. Elliott, who was among the first to study and paint the Northern fur seal, also witnessed the species’ massacre in the face of overhunting, and he embarked on a militant crusade for governmental action to protect them. Elliott believed in an end not only to pelagic sealing—a belief supported by many scientists and by the federal Fur Seal Service—but also to managed seal harvesting on land. In his tireless campaign to promote his views, Elliott had become, as Hornaday would later put it, “in much disfavor among the Congressional and departmental enemies of the fur seal,” and Elliott began to despair of his cause. In 1907, feeling his campaign stalled, Elliott reached out to Hornaday for support. Hornaday readily took up the cause, backed by the Camp Fire Club, who agreed to make the issue an official club mandate. Initially, Hornaday’s strategy was to present himself as a nonpartisan figure. Attempting to set aside past history over the issue, he asked Elliott to remain in the background. In February 1910, Hornaday testified before the Senate Committee on Natural Resources and recommended the elimination of the government’s lease of the Pribilof Islands to private companies, an end to pelagic sealing, and a ten-year closed season on land sealing. The bill passed with important provisions for the protection of fur seals. The leasing system was ended in 1910. Pelagic sealing was banned, and the so-called Fur Seal Treaty of 1911, signed by the United States, Great Britain, Japan, and Russia, became the first international treaty to address wildlife conservation. And yet, in spite of this success, the bill was eventually implemented without a fundamental element of Hornaday’s recommendations: the closed season on land sealing, which, contrary to Hornaday and Elliott, many government agents and scientists did not perceive as a threat to the herds. Outraged, Hornaday summoned Elliott from the shadows, and the two marched forward into what Hornaday called the “war of the greatest bitterness ever waged in any fight over a wild animal species,” involving months of angry exchanges via letters and publications as well as congressional hearings on the matter. In the end, in August 1912, Hornaday and Elliott emerged successful, with Congress enacting a five-year closed season. When this closed season expired in 1917, the fur seal population had grown to a healthy count of nearly a half million animals. Volumes 4, 5, and 6 of the Hornaday Scrapbook Collection on the History of Wild Life Protection and Extermination illustrate Elliott and Hornaday’s campaign for fur seal protection. The books are composed largely of correspondence and memoranda written by Elliott, who obsessively documented the affair, even drawing up his own political cartoons and organizing a “card catalog” of those he considered enemies to fur seal protection. For Hornaday, who compiled these books in the 1930s with the assistance of H. Ernestine Bulger Ripley, the preservation of Elliott’s materials was a testament to the man he considered the true victor of this fight. Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context 1007-04-05 Wildlife Conservation Society Local metadata elements for the Wildlife Conservation Society Holding Institution Name of the institution which holds the analog material Wildlife Conservation Society Archives Digitization Specifications Detailed information about how digitization was done Camera: Canon EOS 6D with EF 100mm f/2.8L Macro IS USM, Software: Adobe Photoshop Lightroom 4, Master: 240 ppi 16-bit depth color TIFF Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context 1007-04-05-060 Title A name given to the resource William T. Hornaday wildlife conservation scrapbook, volume 5, page 60 Has Part A related resource that is included either physically or logically in the described resource. Dr. Hornaday accuses Nagel. Baltimore Sun, 1911-07-13. More seal testimoy [sic]. Journal of Commerce, 1911-07-13. Assails Secretary Nagel. Philadelphia Public Ledger, 1911-07-13. Is Part Of A related resource in which the described resource is physically or logically included. The saving of the fur seal industry, 1909-1912. Part II. William T. Hornaday scrapbook collection on the history of wild life protection and extermination. Volume 5 Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Hornaday, William T. (William Temple), 1854-1937 Ripley, H. Ernestine (Harriet Ernestine), 1872- Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1935 Subject The topic of the resource Elliott, Henry Wood, 1846-1930 Hornaday, William T. (William Temple), 1854-1937 New York Zoological Society Wildlife conservation--United States--History Northern fur seal--Conservation--Law and legislation--History Sealing--Alaska--Pribilof Islands--History Scrapbooks Type The nature or genre of the resource text Language A language of the resource eng Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived Original item in WCS Archives Collection 1007 Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Wildlife Conservation Society Archives Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource This item may be protected by copyright. For rights and permissions, contact the Wildlife Conservation Society Archives, library@wcs.org Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource image/jpeg https://www.hornadayscrapbooks.com/files/original/83173d5cdb74610af3bd527f1bb7d987.jpg 3fdad0bffda59f0e96f8ec941d6f7667 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Volume 5: The Saving of the Fur Seal Industry, 1909-1912. Part II, 1910-1935 (bulk 1910-1912) Description An account of the resource When William T. Hornaday joined in the fight to protect the Northern fur seal, he entered a decades-old battle concerning the overhunting of the species on and near the Pribilof Islands. Located 300 miles off the west coast of Alaska, the Pribilof Islands became the property of the United States in 1867, and they enticed enterprising businessmen who rushed to exploit one of the islands’ most prominent natural resources: fur seals. Seal hunting was an established and highly profitable business, and the islands were sought for their rookeries; additionally, during the 1880s, Canadian, American, and Japanese ships aggressively engaged in pelagic sealing to fuel the valuable industry. By the end of the nineteenth century, hunting had depleted the islands’ herds to near-extinction levels. Alarm over this situation developed into a complex, often bitter, international affair involving politicians, government officials, scientists, and other private citizens. For many years, the loudest voice among this last group of individuals belonged to Henry Wood Elliott, an artist and self-described naturalist who served in the 1870s as assistant treasury agent for the Pribilof Islands. Elliott, who was among the first to study and paint the Northern fur seal, also witnessed the species’ massacre in the face of overhunting, and he embarked on a militant crusade for governmental action to protect them. Elliott believed in an end not only to pelagic sealing—a belief supported by many scientists and by the federal Fur Seal Service—but also to managed seal harvesting on land. In his tireless campaign to promote his views, Elliott had become, as Hornaday would later put it, “in much disfavor among the Congressional and departmental enemies of the fur seal,” and Elliott began to despair of his cause. In 1907, feeling his campaign stalled, Elliott reached out to Hornaday for support. Hornaday readily took up the cause, backed by the Camp Fire Club, who agreed to make the issue an official club mandate. Initially, Hornaday’s strategy was to present himself as a nonpartisan figure. Attempting to set aside past history over the issue, he asked Elliott to remain in the background. In February 1910, Hornaday testified before the Senate Committee on Natural Resources and recommended the elimination of the government’s lease of the Pribilof Islands to private companies, an end to pelagic sealing, and a ten-year closed season on land sealing. The bill passed with important provisions for the protection of fur seals. The leasing system was ended in 1910. Pelagic sealing was banned, and the so-called Fur Seal Treaty of 1911, signed by the United States, Great Britain, Japan, and Russia, became the first international treaty to address wildlife conservation. And yet, in spite of this success, the bill was eventually implemented without a fundamental element of Hornaday’s recommendations: the closed season on land sealing, which, contrary to Hornaday and Elliott, many government agents and scientists did not perceive as a threat to the herds. Outraged, Hornaday summoned Elliott from the shadows, and the two marched forward into what Hornaday called the “war of the greatest bitterness ever waged in any fight over a wild animal species,” involving months of angry exchanges via letters and publications as well as congressional hearings on the matter. In the end, in August 1912, Hornaday and Elliott emerged successful, with Congress enacting a five-year closed season. When this closed season expired in 1917, the fur seal population had grown to a healthy count of nearly a half million animals. Volumes 4, 5, and 6 of the Hornaday Scrapbook Collection on the History of Wild Life Protection and Extermination illustrate Elliott and Hornaday’s campaign for fur seal protection. The books are composed largely of correspondence and memoranda written by Elliott, who obsessively documented the affair, even drawing up his own political cartoons and organizing a “card catalog” of those he considered enemies to fur seal protection. For Hornaday, who compiled these books in the 1930s with the assistance of H. Ernestine Bulger Ripley, the preservation of Elliott’s materials was a testament to the man he considered the true victor of this fight. Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context 1007-04-05 Wildlife Conservation Society Local metadata elements for the Wildlife Conservation Society Holding Institution Name of the institution which holds the analog material Wildlife Conservation Society Archives Digitization Specifications Detailed information about how digitization was done Camera: Canon EOS 6D with EF 100mm f/2.8L Macro IS USM, Software: Adobe Photoshop Lightroom 4, Master: 240 ppi 16-bit depth color TIFF Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context 1007-04-05-061 Title A name given to the resource William T. Hornaday wildlife conservation scrapbook, volume 5, page 61 Has Part A related resource that is included either physically or logically in the described resource. Townsend stirs up hornet's nest. Newark Star-Ledger, 1911-07-13. Nagel accused in fight to save seals. Philadelphia Press, 1911-07-13. Is Part Of A related resource in which the described resource is physically or logically included. The saving of the fur seal industry, 1909-1912. Part II. William T. Hornaday scrapbook collection on the history of wild life protection and extermination. Volume 5 Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Hornaday, William T. (William Temple), 1854-1937 Ripley, H. Ernestine (Harriet Ernestine), 1872- Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1935 Subject The topic of the resource Elliott, Henry Wood, 1846-1930 Hornaday, William T. (William Temple), 1854-1937 New York Zoological Society Wildlife conservation--United States--History Northern fur seal--Conservation--Law and legislation--History Sealing--Alaska--Pribilof Islands--History Scrapbooks Type The nature or genre of the resource text Language A language of the resource eng Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived Original item in WCS Archives Collection 1007 Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Wildlife Conservation Society Archives Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource This item may be protected by copyright. For rights and permissions, contact the Wildlife Conservation Society Archives, library@wcs.org Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource image/jpeg https://www.hornadayscrapbooks.com/files/original/21f934c5b1c912d4375c44d51ce2a214.jpg 00a643320adbf1cf8e00de2735969607 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Volume 5: The Saving of the Fur Seal Industry, 1909-1912. Part II, 1910-1935 (bulk 1910-1912) Description An account of the resource When William T. Hornaday joined in the fight to protect the Northern fur seal, he entered a decades-old battle concerning the overhunting of the species on and near the Pribilof Islands. Located 300 miles off the west coast of Alaska, the Pribilof Islands became the property of the United States in 1867, and they enticed enterprising businessmen who rushed to exploit one of the islands’ most prominent natural resources: fur seals. Seal hunting was an established and highly profitable business, and the islands were sought for their rookeries; additionally, during the 1880s, Canadian, American, and Japanese ships aggressively engaged in pelagic sealing to fuel the valuable industry. By the end of the nineteenth century, hunting had depleted the islands’ herds to near-extinction levels. Alarm over this situation developed into a complex, often bitter, international affair involving politicians, government officials, scientists, and other private citizens. For many years, the loudest voice among this last group of individuals belonged to Henry Wood Elliott, an artist and self-described naturalist who served in the 1870s as assistant treasury agent for the Pribilof Islands. Elliott, who was among the first to study and paint the Northern fur seal, also witnessed the species’ massacre in the face of overhunting, and he embarked on a militant crusade for governmental action to protect them. Elliott believed in an end not only to pelagic sealing—a belief supported by many scientists and by the federal Fur Seal Service—but also to managed seal harvesting on land. In his tireless campaign to promote his views, Elliott had become, as Hornaday would later put it, “in much disfavor among the Congressional and departmental enemies of the fur seal,” and Elliott began to despair of his cause. In 1907, feeling his campaign stalled, Elliott reached out to Hornaday for support. Hornaday readily took up the cause, backed by the Camp Fire Club, who agreed to make the issue an official club mandate. Initially, Hornaday’s strategy was to present himself as a nonpartisan figure. Attempting to set aside past history over the issue, he asked Elliott to remain in the background. In February 1910, Hornaday testified before the Senate Committee on Natural Resources and recommended the elimination of the government’s lease of the Pribilof Islands to private companies, an end to pelagic sealing, and a ten-year closed season on land sealing. The bill passed with important provisions for the protection of fur seals. The leasing system was ended in 1910. Pelagic sealing was banned, and the so-called Fur Seal Treaty of 1911, signed by the United States, Great Britain, Japan, and Russia, became the first international treaty to address wildlife conservation. And yet, in spite of this success, the bill was eventually implemented without a fundamental element of Hornaday’s recommendations: the closed season on land sealing, which, contrary to Hornaday and Elliott, many government agents and scientists did not perceive as a threat to the herds. Outraged, Hornaday summoned Elliott from the shadows, and the two marched forward into what Hornaday called the “war of the greatest bitterness ever waged in any fight over a wild animal species,” involving months of angry exchanges via letters and publications as well as congressional hearings on the matter. In the end, in August 1912, Hornaday and Elliott emerged successful, with Congress enacting a five-year closed season. When this closed season expired in 1917, the fur seal population had grown to a healthy count of nearly a half million animals. Volumes 4, 5, and 6 of the Hornaday Scrapbook Collection on the History of Wild Life Protection and Extermination illustrate Elliott and Hornaday’s campaign for fur seal protection. The books are composed largely of correspondence and memoranda written by Elliott, who obsessively documented the affair, even drawing up his own political cartoons and organizing a “card catalog” of those he considered enemies to fur seal protection. For Hornaday, who compiled these books in the 1930s with the assistance of H. Ernestine Bulger Ripley, the preservation of Elliott’s materials was a testament to the man he considered the true victor of this fight. Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context 1007-04-05 Wildlife Conservation Society Local metadata elements for the Wildlife Conservation Society Holding Institution Name of the institution which holds the analog material Wildlife Conservation Society Archives Digitization Specifications Detailed information about how digitization was done Camera: Canon EOS 6D with EF 100mm f/2.8L Macro IS USM, Software: Adobe Photoshop Lightroom 4, Master: 240 ppi 16-bit depth color TIFF Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context 1007-04-05-062 Title A name given to the resource William T. Hornaday wildlife conservation scrapbook, volume 5, page 62 Has Part A related resource that is included either physically or logically in the described resource. Townsend stirs up hornet's nest. Newark Star-Ledger, 1911-07-13. Duplicate. Dr. Hornaday accuses Nagel of persecution. Oakland Tribune, 1911-07-22. Hornaday accuses Secretary Nagel. Gazette Times, 1911-07-27. Untitled clipping beginning: From Dr. William T. Hornaday. Seattle Times, 1911-07-29. Is Part Of A related resource in which the described resource is physically or logically included. The saving of the fur seal industry, 1909-1912. Part II. William T. Hornaday scrapbook collection on the history of wild life protection and extermination. Volume 5 Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Hornaday, William T. (William Temple), 1854-1937 Ripley, H. Ernestine (Harriet Ernestine), 1872- Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1935 Subject The topic of the resource Elliott, Henry Wood, 1846-1930 Hornaday, William T. (William Temple), 1854-1937 New York Zoological Society Wildlife conservation--United States--History Northern fur seal--Conservation--Law and legislation--History Sealing--Alaska--Pribilof Islands--History Scrapbooks Type The nature or genre of the resource text Language A language of the resource eng Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived Original item in WCS Archives Collection 1007 Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Wildlife Conservation Society Archives Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource This item may be protected by copyright. For rights and permissions, contact the Wildlife Conservation Society Archives, library@wcs.org Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource image/jpeg https://www.hornadayscrapbooks.com/files/original/c8ad9c9ce207e0bc66d09eff64ea386b.jpg 70f86506612284c481835fef9f83d88a Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Volume 5: The Saving of the Fur Seal Industry, 1909-1912. Part II, 1910-1935 (bulk 1910-1912) Description An account of the resource When William T. Hornaday joined in the fight to protect the Northern fur seal, he entered a decades-old battle concerning the overhunting of the species on and near the Pribilof Islands. Located 300 miles off the west coast of Alaska, the Pribilof Islands became the property of the United States in 1867, and they enticed enterprising businessmen who rushed to exploit one of the islands’ most prominent natural resources: fur seals. Seal hunting was an established and highly profitable business, and the islands were sought for their rookeries; additionally, during the 1880s, Canadian, American, and Japanese ships aggressively engaged in pelagic sealing to fuel the valuable industry. By the end of the nineteenth century, hunting had depleted the islands’ herds to near-extinction levels. Alarm over this situation developed into a complex, often bitter, international affair involving politicians, government officials, scientists, and other private citizens. For many years, the loudest voice among this last group of individuals belonged to Henry Wood Elliott, an artist and self-described naturalist who served in the 1870s as assistant treasury agent for the Pribilof Islands. Elliott, who was among the first to study and paint the Northern fur seal, also witnessed the species’ massacre in the face of overhunting, and he embarked on a militant crusade for governmental action to protect them. Elliott believed in an end not only to pelagic sealing—a belief supported by many scientists and by the federal Fur Seal Service—but also to managed seal harvesting on land. In his tireless campaign to promote his views, Elliott had become, as Hornaday would later put it, “in much disfavor among the Congressional and departmental enemies of the fur seal,” and Elliott began to despair of his cause. In 1907, feeling his campaign stalled, Elliott reached out to Hornaday for support. Hornaday readily took up the cause, backed by the Camp Fire Club, who agreed to make the issue an official club mandate. Initially, Hornaday’s strategy was to present himself as a nonpartisan figure. Attempting to set aside past history over the issue, he asked Elliott to remain in the background. In February 1910, Hornaday testified before the Senate Committee on Natural Resources and recommended the elimination of the government’s lease of the Pribilof Islands to private companies, an end to pelagic sealing, and a ten-year closed season on land sealing. The bill passed with important provisions for the protection of fur seals. The leasing system was ended in 1910. Pelagic sealing was banned, and the so-called Fur Seal Treaty of 1911, signed by the United States, Great Britain, Japan, and Russia, became the first international treaty to address wildlife conservation. And yet, in spite of this success, the bill was eventually implemented without a fundamental element of Hornaday’s recommendations: the closed season on land sealing, which, contrary to Hornaday and Elliott, many government agents and scientists did not perceive as a threat to the herds. Outraged, Hornaday summoned Elliott from the shadows, and the two marched forward into what Hornaday called the “war of the greatest bitterness ever waged in any fight over a wild animal species,” involving months of angry exchanges via letters and publications as well as congressional hearings on the matter. In the end, in August 1912, Hornaday and Elliott emerged successful, with Congress enacting a five-year closed season. When this closed season expired in 1917, the fur seal population had grown to a healthy count of nearly a half million animals. Volumes 4, 5, and 6 of the Hornaday Scrapbook Collection on the History of Wild Life Protection and Extermination illustrate Elliott and Hornaday’s campaign for fur seal protection. The books are composed largely of correspondence and memoranda written by Elliott, who obsessively documented the affair, even drawing up his own political cartoons and organizing a “card catalog” of those he considered enemies to fur seal protection. For Hornaday, who compiled these books in the 1930s with the assistance of H. Ernestine Bulger Ripley, the preservation of Elliott’s materials was a testament to the man he considered the true victor of this fight. Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context 1007-04-05 Wildlife Conservation Society Local metadata elements for the Wildlife Conservation Society Holding Institution Name of the institution which holds the analog material Wildlife Conservation Society Archives Digitization Specifications Detailed information about how digitization was done Camera: Canon EOS 6D with EF 100mm f/2.8L Macro IS USM, Software: Adobe Photoshop Lightroom 4, Master: 240 ppi 16-bit depth color TIFF Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context 1007-04-05-063 Title A name given to the resource William T. Hornaday wildlife conservation scrapbook, volume 5, page 63 Has Part A related resource that is included either physically or logically in the described resource. Hornaday, William T. to H. Ernestine Ripley, 1930-04-19. Is Part Of A related resource in which the described resource is physically or logically included. The saving of the fur seal industry, 1909-1912. Part II. William T. Hornaday scrapbook collection on the history of wild life protection and extermination. Volume 5 Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Hornaday, William T. (William Temple), 1854-1937 Ripley, H. Ernestine (Harriet Ernestine), 1872- Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1935 Subject The topic of the resource Elliott, Henry Wood, 1846-1930 Hornaday, William T. (William Temple), 1854-1937 New York Zoological Society Wildlife conservation--United States--History Northern fur seal--Conservation--Law and legislation--History Sealing--Alaska--Pribilof Islands--History Scrapbooks Type The nature or genre of the resource text Language A language of the resource eng Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived Original item in WCS Archives Collection 1007 Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Wildlife Conservation Society Archives Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource This item may be protected by copyright. For rights and permissions, contact the Wildlife Conservation Society Archives, library@wcs.org Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource image/jpeg https://www.hornadayscrapbooks.com/files/original/782e0ff5c0c5cf7dd49f055e9ed4f5b6.jpg ae60daff84545de0d2886860f93f738d Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Volume 5: The Saving of the Fur Seal Industry, 1909-1912. Part II, 1910-1935 (bulk 1910-1912) Description An account of the resource When William T. Hornaday joined in the fight to protect the Northern fur seal, he entered a decades-old battle concerning the overhunting of the species on and near the Pribilof Islands. Located 300 miles off the west coast of Alaska, the Pribilof Islands became the property of the United States in 1867, and they enticed enterprising businessmen who rushed to exploit one of the islands’ most prominent natural resources: fur seals. Seal hunting was an established and highly profitable business, and the islands were sought for their rookeries; additionally, during the 1880s, Canadian, American, and Japanese ships aggressively engaged in pelagic sealing to fuel the valuable industry. By the end of the nineteenth century, hunting had depleted the islands’ herds to near-extinction levels. Alarm over this situation developed into a complex, often bitter, international affair involving politicians, government officials, scientists, and other private citizens. For many years, the loudest voice among this last group of individuals belonged to Henry Wood Elliott, an artist and self-described naturalist who served in the 1870s as assistant treasury agent for the Pribilof Islands. Elliott, who was among the first to study and paint the Northern fur seal, also witnessed the species’ massacre in the face of overhunting, and he embarked on a militant crusade for governmental action to protect them. Elliott believed in an end not only to pelagic sealing—a belief supported by many scientists and by the federal Fur Seal Service—but also to managed seal harvesting on land. In his tireless campaign to promote his views, Elliott had become, as Hornaday would later put it, “in much disfavor among the Congressional and departmental enemies of the fur seal,” and Elliott began to despair of his cause. In 1907, feeling his campaign stalled, Elliott reached out to Hornaday for support. Hornaday readily took up the cause, backed by the Camp Fire Club, who agreed to make the issue an official club mandate. Initially, Hornaday’s strategy was to present himself as a nonpartisan figure. Attempting to set aside past history over the issue, he asked Elliott to remain in the background. In February 1910, Hornaday testified before the Senate Committee on Natural Resources and recommended the elimination of the government’s lease of the Pribilof Islands to private companies, an end to pelagic sealing, and a ten-year closed season on land sealing. The bill passed with important provisions for the protection of fur seals. The leasing system was ended in 1910. Pelagic sealing was banned, and the so-called Fur Seal Treaty of 1911, signed by the United States, Great Britain, Japan, and Russia, became the first international treaty to address wildlife conservation. And yet, in spite of this success, the bill was eventually implemented without a fundamental element of Hornaday’s recommendations: the closed season on land sealing, which, contrary to Hornaday and Elliott, many government agents and scientists did not perceive as a threat to the herds. Outraged, Hornaday summoned Elliott from the shadows, and the two marched forward into what Hornaday called the “war of the greatest bitterness ever waged in any fight over a wild animal species,” involving months of angry exchanges via letters and publications as well as congressional hearings on the matter. In the end, in August 1912, Hornaday and Elliott emerged successful, with Congress enacting a five-year closed season. When this closed season expired in 1917, the fur seal population had grown to a healthy count of nearly a half million animals. Volumes 4, 5, and 6 of the Hornaday Scrapbook Collection on the History of Wild Life Protection and Extermination illustrate Elliott and Hornaday’s campaign for fur seal protection. The books are composed largely of correspondence and memoranda written by Elliott, who obsessively documented the affair, even drawing up his own political cartoons and organizing a “card catalog” of those he considered enemies to fur seal protection. For Hornaday, who compiled these books in the 1930s with the assistance of H. Ernestine Bulger Ripley, the preservation of Elliott’s materials was a testament to the man he considered the true victor of this fight. Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context 1007-04-05 Wildlife Conservation Society Local metadata elements for the Wildlife Conservation Society Holding Institution Name of the institution which holds the analog material Wildlife Conservation Society Archives Digitization Specifications Detailed information about how digitization was done Camera: Canon EOS 6D with EF 100mm f/2.8L Macro IS USM, Software: Adobe Photoshop Lightroom 4, Master: 240 ppi 16-bit depth color TIFF Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context 1007-04-05-064 Title A name given to the resource William T. Hornaday wildlife conservation scrapbook, volume 5, page 64 Description An account of the resource Bottom piece of item missing. Has Part A related resource that is included either physically or logically in the described resource. Elliott, Henry W. Dr. Hugh M. Smith to shield and defend an abuse exposed in the Bureau of Fisheries [note, with annotated excerpts from House of Representatives proceedings], 1911. Contributor An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource Elliott, Henry Wood, 1846-1930 Is Part Of A related resource in which the described resource is physically or logically included. The saving of the fur seal industry, 1909-1912. Part II. William T. Hornaday scrapbook collection on the history of wild life protection and extermination. Volume 5 Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Hornaday, William T. (William Temple), 1854-1937 Ripley, H. Ernestine (Harriet Ernestine), 1872- Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1935 Subject The topic of the resource Elliott, Henry Wood, 1846-1930 Hornaday, William T. (William Temple), 1854-1937 New York Zoological Society Wildlife conservation--United States--History Northern fur seal--Conservation--Law and legislation--History Sealing--Alaska--Pribilof Islands--History Scrapbooks Type The nature or genre of the resource text Language A language of the resource eng Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived Original item in WCS Archives Collection 1007 Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Wildlife Conservation Society Archives Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource This item may be protected by copyright. For rights and permissions, contact the Wildlife Conservation Society Archives, library@wcs.org Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource image/jpeg