111 10 2888 https://www.hornadayscrapbooks.com/files/original/3be789afec7c0d24c34449395eaf6737.jpg ab315eee7c8a6c248d85f06ed299920e Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Volume 4: The Saving of the Fur Seal Industry, 1909-1912. Part I, 1890-1930 (bulk 1903-1912) Description An account of the resource When William T. Hornaday joined in the fight to protect the Northern fur seal, he entered a decades-old battle concerning the overhunting of the species on and near the Pribilof Islands. Located 300 miles off the west coast of Alaska, the Pribilof Islands became the property of the United States in 1867, and they enticed enterprising businessmen who rushed to exploit one of the islands’ most prominent natural resources: fur seals. Seal hunting was an established and highly profitable business, and the islands were sought for their rookeries; additionally, during the 1880s, Canadian, American, and Japanese ships aggressively engaged in pelagic sealing to fuel the valuable industry. By the end of the nineteenth century, hunting had depleted the islands’ herds to near-extinction levels. Alarm over this situation developed into a complex, often bitter, international affair involving politicians, government officials, scientists, and other private citizens. For many years, the loudest voice among this last group of individuals belonged to Henry Wood Elliott, an artist and self-described naturalist who served in the 1870s as assistant treasury agent for the Pribilof Islands. Elliott, who was among the first to study and paint the Northern fur seal, also witnessed the species’ massacre in the face of overhunting, and he embarked on a militant crusade for governmental action to protect them. Elliott believed in an end not only to pelagic sealing—a belief supported by many scientists and by the federal Fur Seal Service—but also to managed seal harvesting on land. In his tireless campaign to promote his views, Elliott had become, as Hornaday would later put it, “in much disfavor among the Congressional and departmental enemies of the fur seal,” and Elliott began to despair of his cause. In 1907, feeling his campaign stalled, Elliott reached out to Hornaday for support. Hornaday readily took up the cause, backed by the Camp Fire Club, who agreed to make the issue an official club mandate. Initially, Hornaday’s strategy was to present himself as a nonpartisan figure. Attempting to set aside past history over the issue, he asked Elliott to remain in the background. In February 1910, Hornaday testified before the Senate Committee on Natural Resources and recommended the elimination of the government’s lease of the Pribilof Islands to private companies, an end to pelagic sealing, and a ten-year closed season on land sealing. The bill passed with important provisions for the protection of fur seals. The leasing system was ended in 1910. Pelagic sealing was banned, and the so-called Fur Seal Treaty of 1911, signed by the United States, Great Britain, Japan, and Russia, became the first international treaty to address wildlife conservation. And yet, in spite of this success, the bill was eventually implemented without a fundamental element of Hornaday’s recommendations: the closed season on land sealing, which, contrary to Hornaday and Elliott, many government agents and scientists did not perceive as a threat to the herds. Outraged, Hornaday summoned Elliott from the shadows, and the two marched forward into what Hornaday called the “war of the greatest bitterness ever waged in any fight over a wild animal species,” involving months of angry exchanges via letters and publications as well as congressional hearings on the matter. In the end, in August 1912, Hornaday and Elliott emerged successful, with Congress enacting a five-year closed season. When this closed season expired in 1917, the fur seal population had grown to a healthy count of nearly a half million animals. Volumes 4, 5, and 6 of the Hornaday Scrapbook Collection on the History of Wild Life Protection and Extermination illustrate Elliott and Hornaday’s campaign for fur seal protection. The books are composed largely of correspondence and memoranda written by Elliott, who obsessively documented the affair, even drawing up his own political cartoons and organizing a “card catalog” of those he considered enemies to fur seal protection. For Hornaday, who compiled these books in the 1930s with the assistance of H. Ernestine Bulger Ripley, the preservation of Elliott’s materials was a testament to the man he considered the true victor of this fight. Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context 1007-04-04 Wildlife Conservation Society Local metadata elements for the Wildlife Conservation Society Holding Institution Name of the institution which holds the analog material Wildlife Conservation Society Archives Digitization Specifications Detailed information about how digitization was done Camera: Canon EOS 6D with EF 100mm f/2.8L Macro IS USM, Software: Adobe Photoshop Lightroom 4, Master: 240 ppi 16-bit depth color TIFF Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context 1007-04-04-005 Title A name given to the resource William T. Hornaday wildlife conservation scrapbook, volume 4, page 5 Description An account of the resource Contents page: (Correspondence, documents, press clippings) / Preface vol. I, page III-IV / I. Chronologies and summaries vol. I, page 1-52-g / II. The pre-campaign period: the work of Henry W. Elliott vol. I, page 52-i-62 / III. The campaign vol. I, II, 63-?? / IV. The monograph of the fur seal, by Henry W. Elliott (the original, unexpurgated edition of 1882) vol. III / Note: For the full official government record, / See the two large U. S. volumes of the printed pro- / ceedings / Index: Each volume has separate index. Is Part Of A related resource in which the described resource is physically or logically included. The saving of the fur seal industry, 1909-1912. Part I. William T. Hornaday scrapbook collection on the history of wild life protection and extermination. Volume 4 Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Hornaday, William T. (William Temple), 1854-1937 Ripley, H. Ernestine (Harriet Ernestine), 1872- Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1930 Subject The topic of the resource Elliott, Henry Wood, 1846-1930 Hornaday, William T. (William Temple), 1854-1937 New York Zoological Society Wildlife conservation--United States--History Northern fur seal--Conservation--Law and legislation--History Sealing--Alaska--Pribilof Islands--History Scrapbooks Type The nature or genre of the resource text Language A language of the resource eng Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived Original item in WCS Archives Collection 1007 Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Wildlife Conservation Society Archives Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource This item may be protected by copyright. For rights and permissions, contact the Wildlife Conservation Society Archives, library@wcs.org Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource image/jpeg https://www.hornadayscrapbooks.com/files/original/b99e20b3d0342d65ee847309b7775273.jpg ee3d5dd557f26db9326cc6997f45dfd4 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Volume 4: The Saving of the Fur Seal Industry, 1909-1912. Part I, 1890-1930 (bulk 1903-1912) Description An account of the resource When William T. Hornaday joined in the fight to protect the Northern fur seal, he entered a decades-old battle concerning the overhunting of the species on and near the Pribilof Islands. Located 300 miles off the west coast of Alaska, the Pribilof Islands became the property of the United States in 1867, and they enticed enterprising businessmen who rushed to exploit one of the islands’ most prominent natural resources: fur seals. Seal hunting was an established and highly profitable business, and the islands were sought for their rookeries; additionally, during the 1880s, Canadian, American, and Japanese ships aggressively engaged in pelagic sealing to fuel the valuable industry. By the end of the nineteenth century, hunting had depleted the islands’ herds to near-extinction levels. Alarm over this situation developed into a complex, often bitter, international affair involving politicians, government officials, scientists, and other private citizens. For many years, the loudest voice among this last group of individuals belonged to Henry Wood Elliott, an artist and self-described naturalist who served in the 1870s as assistant treasury agent for the Pribilof Islands. Elliott, who was among the first to study and paint the Northern fur seal, also witnessed the species’ massacre in the face of overhunting, and he embarked on a militant crusade for governmental action to protect them. Elliott believed in an end not only to pelagic sealing—a belief supported by many scientists and by the federal Fur Seal Service—but also to managed seal harvesting on land. In his tireless campaign to promote his views, Elliott had become, as Hornaday would later put it, “in much disfavor among the Congressional and departmental enemies of the fur seal,” and Elliott began to despair of his cause. In 1907, feeling his campaign stalled, Elliott reached out to Hornaday for support. Hornaday readily took up the cause, backed by the Camp Fire Club, who agreed to make the issue an official club mandate. Initially, Hornaday’s strategy was to present himself as a nonpartisan figure. Attempting to set aside past history over the issue, he asked Elliott to remain in the background. In February 1910, Hornaday testified before the Senate Committee on Natural Resources and recommended the elimination of the government’s lease of the Pribilof Islands to private companies, an end to pelagic sealing, and a ten-year closed season on land sealing. The bill passed with important provisions for the protection of fur seals. The leasing system was ended in 1910. Pelagic sealing was banned, and the so-called Fur Seal Treaty of 1911, signed by the United States, Great Britain, Japan, and Russia, became the first international treaty to address wildlife conservation. And yet, in spite of this success, the bill was eventually implemented without a fundamental element of Hornaday’s recommendations: the closed season on land sealing, which, contrary to Hornaday and Elliott, many government agents and scientists did not perceive as a threat to the herds. Outraged, Hornaday summoned Elliott from the shadows, and the two marched forward into what Hornaday called the “war of the greatest bitterness ever waged in any fight over a wild animal species,” involving months of angry exchanges via letters and publications as well as congressional hearings on the matter. In the end, in August 1912, Hornaday and Elliott emerged successful, with Congress enacting a five-year closed season. When this closed season expired in 1917, the fur seal population had grown to a healthy count of nearly a half million animals. Volumes 4, 5, and 6 of the Hornaday Scrapbook Collection on the History of Wild Life Protection and Extermination illustrate Elliott and Hornaday’s campaign for fur seal protection. The books are composed largely of correspondence and memoranda written by Elliott, who obsessively documented the affair, even drawing up his own political cartoons and organizing a “card catalog” of those he considered enemies to fur seal protection. For Hornaday, who compiled these books in the 1930s with the assistance of H. Ernestine Bulger Ripley, the preservation of Elliott’s materials was a testament to the man he considered the true victor of this fight. Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context 1007-04-04 Wildlife Conservation Society Local metadata elements for the Wildlife Conservation Society Holding Institution Name of the institution which holds the analog material Wildlife Conservation Society Archives Digitization Specifications Detailed information about how digitization was done Camera: Canon EOS 6D with EF 100mm f/2.8L Macro IS USM, Software: Adobe Photoshop Lightroom 4, Master: 240 ppi 16-bit depth color TIFF Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context 1007-04-04-006 Title A name given to the resource William T. Hornaday wildlife conservation scrapbook, volume 4, page 6 Description An account of the resource Scrapbook page contains no items. Is Part Of A related resource in which the described resource is physically or logically included. The saving of the fur seal industry, 1909-1912. Part I. William T. Hornaday scrapbook collection on the history of wild life protection and extermination. Volume 4 Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Hornaday, William T. (William Temple), 1854-1937 Ripley, H. Ernestine (Harriet Ernestine), 1872- Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1930 Subject The topic of the resource Scrapbooks Type The nature or genre of the resource text Language A language of the resource eng Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived Original item in WCS Archives Collection 1007 Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Wildlife Conservation Society Archives Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource This item may be protected by copyright. For rights and permissions, contact the Wildlife Conservation Society Archives, library@wcs.org Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource image/jpeg https://www.hornadayscrapbooks.com/files/original/d7e7918b6edfc5e287ed57222a34c920.jpg 9566408629f915755e386d7979a7a2cc Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Volume 4: The Saving of the Fur Seal Industry, 1909-1912. Part I, 1890-1930 (bulk 1903-1912) Description An account of the resource When William T. Hornaday joined in the fight to protect the Northern fur seal, he entered a decades-old battle concerning the overhunting of the species on and near the Pribilof Islands. Located 300 miles off the west coast of Alaska, the Pribilof Islands became the property of the United States in 1867, and they enticed enterprising businessmen who rushed to exploit one of the islands’ most prominent natural resources: fur seals. Seal hunting was an established and highly profitable business, and the islands were sought for their rookeries; additionally, during the 1880s, Canadian, American, and Japanese ships aggressively engaged in pelagic sealing to fuel the valuable industry. By the end of the nineteenth century, hunting had depleted the islands’ herds to near-extinction levels. Alarm over this situation developed into a complex, often bitter, international affair involving politicians, government officials, scientists, and other private citizens. For many years, the loudest voice among this last group of individuals belonged to Henry Wood Elliott, an artist and self-described naturalist who served in the 1870s as assistant treasury agent for the Pribilof Islands. Elliott, who was among the first to study and paint the Northern fur seal, also witnessed the species’ massacre in the face of overhunting, and he embarked on a militant crusade for governmental action to protect them. Elliott believed in an end not only to pelagic sealing—a belief supported by many scientists and by the federal Fur Seal Service—but also to managed seal harvesting on land. In his tireless campaign to promote his views, Elliott had become, as Hornaday would later put it, “in much disfavor among the Congressional and departmental enemies of the fur seal,” and Elliott began to despair of his cause. In 1907, feeling his campaign stalled, Elliott reached out to Hornaday for support. Hornaday readily took up the cause, backed by the Camp Fire Club, who agreed to make the issue an official club mandate. Initially, Hornaday’s strategy was to present himself as a nonpartisan figure. Attempting to set aside past history over the issue, he asked Elliott to remain in the background. In February 1910, Hornaday testified before the Senate Committee on Natural Resources and recommended the elimination of the government’s lease of the Pribilof Islands to private companies, an end to pelagic sealing, and a ten-year closed season on land sealing. The bill passed with important provisions for the protection of fur seals. The leasing system was ended in 1910. Pelagic sealing was banned, and the so-called Fur Seal Treaty of 1911, signed by the United States, Great Britain, Japan, and Russia, became the first international treaty to address wildlife conservation. And yet, in spite of this success, the bill was eventually implemented without a fundamental element of Hornaday’s recommendations: the closed season on land sealing, which, contrary to Hornaday and Elliott, many government agents and scientists did not perceive as a threat to the herds. Outraged, Hornaday summoned Elliott from the shadows, and the two marched forward into what Hornaday called the “war of the greatest bitterness ever waged in any fight over a wild animal species,” involving months of angry exchanges via letters and publications as well as congressional hearings on the matter. In the end, in August 1912, Hornaday and Elliott emerged successful, with Congress enacting a five-year closed season. When this closed season expired in 1917, the fur seal population had grown to a healthy count of nearly a half million animals. Volumes 4, 5, and 6 of the Hornaday Scrapbook Collection on the History of Wild Life Protection and Extermination illustrate Elliott and Hornaday’s campaign for fur seal protection. The books are composed largely of correspondence and memoranda written by Elliott, who obsessively documented the affair, even drawing up his own political cartoons and organizing a “card catalog” of those he considered enemies to fur seal protection. For Hornaday, who compiled these books in the 1930s with the assistance of H. Ernestine Bulger Ripley, the preservation of Elliott’s materials was a testament to the man he considered the true victor of this fight. Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context 1007-04-04 Wildlife Conservation Society Local metadata elements for the Wildlife Conservation Society Holding Institution Name of the institution which holds the analog material Wildlife Conservation Society Archives Digitization Specifications Detailed information about how digitization was done Camera: Canon EOS 6D with EF 100mm f/2.8L Macro IS USM, Software: Adobe Photoshop Lightroom 4, Master: 240 ppi 16-bit depth color TIFF Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context 1007-04-04-007 Title A name given to the resource William T. Hornaday wildlife conservation scrapbook, volume 4, page 7 Has Part A related resource that is included either physically or logically in the described resource. Hornaday, William T. Preface to scrapbook, 1930-06-01. 2 pgs. Is Part Of A related resource in which the described resource is physically or logically included. The saving of the fur seal industry, 1909-1912. Part I. William T. Hornaday scrapbook collection on the history of wild life protection and extermination. Volume 4 Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Hornaday, William T. (William Temple), 1854-1937 Ripley, H. Ernestine (Harriet Ernestine), 1872- Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1930 Subject The topic of the resource Elliott, Henry Wood, 1846-1930 Hornaday, William T. (William Temple), 1854-1937 New York Zoological Society Wildlife conservation--United States--History Northern fur seal--Conservation--Law and legislation--History Sealing--Alaska--Pribilof Islands--History Scrapbooks Type The nature or genre of the resource text Language A language of the resource eng Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived Original item in WCS Archives Collection 1007 Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Wildlife Conservation Society Archives Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource This item may be protected by copyright. For rights and permissions, contact the Wildlife Conservation Society Archives, library@wcs.org Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource image/jpeg https://www.hornadayscrapbooks.com/files/original/25c513fd2f5b34b52f2d4efd682d435e.jpg 9b54e02ea9cd9d98263a185ecbf1b0d1 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Volume 4: The Saving of the Fur Seal Industry, 1909-1912. Part I, 1890-1930 (bulk 1903-1912) Description An account of the resource When William T. Hornaday joined in the fight to protect the Northern fur seal, he entered a decades-old battle concerning the overhunting of the species on and near the Pribilof Islands. Located 300 miles off the west coast of Alaska, the Pribilof Islands became the property of the United States in 1867, and they enticed enterprising businessmen who rushed to exploit one of the islands’ most prominent natural resources: fur seals. Seal hunting was an established and highly profitable business, and the islands were sought for their rookeries; additionally, during the 1880s, Canadian, American, and Japanese ships aggressively engaged in pelagic sealing to fuel the valuable industry. By the end of the nineteenth century, hunting had depleted the islands’ herds to near-extinction levels. Alarm over this situation developed into a complex, often bitter, international affair involving politicians, government officials, scientists, and other private citizens. For many years, the loudest voice among this last group of individuals belonged to Henry Wood Elliott, an artist and self-described naturalist who served in the 1870s as assistant treasury agent for the Pribilof Islands. Elliott, who was among the first to study and paint the Northern fur seal, also witnessed the species’ massacre in the face of overhunting, and he embarked on a militant crusade for governmental action to protect them. Elliott believed in an end not only to pelagic sealing—a belief supported by many scientists and by the federal Fur Seal Service—but also to managed seal harvesting on land. In his tireless campaign to promote his views, Elliott had become, as Hornaday would later put it, “in much disfavor among the Congressional and departmental enemies of the fur seal,” and Elliott began to despair of his cause. In 1907, feeling his campaign stalled, Elliott reached out to Hornaday for support. Hornaday readily took up the cause, backed by the Camp Fire Club, who agreed to make the issue an official club mandate. Initially, Hornaday’s strategy was to present himself as a nonpartisan figure. Attempting to set aside past history over the issue, he asked Elliott to remain in the background. In February 1910, Hornaday testified before the Senate Committee on Natural Resources and recommended the elimination of the government’s lease of the Pribilof Islands to private companies, an end to pelagic sealing, and a ten-year closed season on land sealing. The bill passed with important provisions for the protection of fur seals. The leasing system was ended in 1910. Pelagic sealing was banned, and the so-called Fur Seal Treaty of 1911, signed by the United States, Great Britain, Japan, and Russia, became the first international treaty to address wildlife conservation. And yet, in spite of this success, the bill was eventually implemented without a fundamental element of Hornaday’s recommendations: the closed season on land sealing, which, contrary to Hornaday and Elliott, many government agents and scientists did not perceive as a threat to the herds. Outraged, Hornaday summoned Elliott from the shadows, and the two marched forward into what Hornaday called the “war of the greatest bitterness ever waged in any fight over a wild animal species,” involving months of angry exchanges via letters and publications as well as congressional hearings on the matter. In the end, in August 1912, Hornaday and Elliott emerged successful, with Congress enacting a five-year closed season. When this closed season expired in 1917, the fur seal population had grown to a healthy count of nearly a half million animals. Volumes 4, 5, and 6 of the Hornaday Scrapbook Collection on the History of Wild Life Protection and Extermination illustrate Elliott and Hornaday’s campaign for fur seal protection. The books are composed largely of correspondence and memoranda written by Elliott, who obsessively documented the affair, even drawing up his own political cartoons and organizing a “card catalog” of those he considered enemies to fur seal protection. For Hornaday, who compiled these books in the 1930s with the assistance of H. Ernestine Bulger Ripley, the preservation of Elliott’s materials was a testament to the man he considered the true victor of this fight. Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context 1007-04-04 Wildlife Conservation Society Local metadata elements for the Wildlife Conservation Society Holding Institution Name of the institution which holds the analog material Wildlife Conservation Society Archives Digitization Specifications Detailed information about how digitization was done Camera: Canon EOS 6D with EF 100mm f/2.8L Macro IS USM, Software: Adobe Photoshop Lightroom 4, Master: 240 ppi 16-bit depth color TIFF Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context 1007-04-04-008 Title A name given to the resource William T. Hornaday wildlife conservation scrapbook, volume 4, page 8 Has Part A related resource that is included either physically or logically in the described resource. Hornaday, William T. Preface to scrapbook, 1930-06-01. 2 pgs. Is Part Of A related resource in which the described resource is physically or logically included. The saving of the fur seal industry, 1909-1912. Part I. William T. Hornaday scrapbook collection on the history of wild life protection and extermination. Volume 4 Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Hornaday, William T. (William Temple), 1854-1937 Ripley, H. Ernestine (Harriet Ernestine), 1872- Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1930 Subject The topic of the resource Elliott, Henry Wood, 1846-1930 Hornaday, William T. (William Temple), 1854-1937 New York Zoological Society Wildlife conservation--United States--History Northern fur seal--Conservation--Law and legislation--History Sealing--Alaska--Pribilof Islands--History Scrapbooks Type The nature or genre of the resource text Language A language of the resource eng Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived Original item in WCS Archives Collection 1007 Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Wildlife Conservation Society Archives Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource This item may be protected by copyright. For rights and permissions, contact the Wildlife Conservation Society Archives, library@wcs.org Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource image/jpeg https://www.hornadayscrapbooks.com/files/original/a3d5f6a723d40351dbca8564db406ba4.jpg 81cb0efeac9e681f86cbd53397e88ead Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Volume 4: The Saving of the Fur Seal Industry, 1909-1912. Part I, 1890-1930 (bulk 1903-1912) Description An account of the resource When William T. Hornaday joined in the fight to protect the Northern fur seal, he entered a decades-old battle concerning the overhunting of the species on and near the Pribilof Islands. Located 300 miles off the west coast of Alaska, the Pribilof Islands became the property of the United States in 1867, and they enticed enterprising businessmen who rushed to exploit one of the islands’ most prominent natural resources: fur seals. Seal hunting was an established and highly profitable business, and the islands were sought for their rookeries; additionally, during the 1880s, Canadian, American, and Japanese ships aggressively engaged in pelagic sealing to fuel the valuable industry. By the end of the nineteenth century, hunting had depleted the islands’ herds to near-extinction levels. Alarm over this situation developed into a complex, often bitter, international affair involving politicians, government officials, scientists, and other private citizens. For many years, the loudest voice among this last group of individuals belonged to Henry Wood Elliott, an artist and self-described naturalist who served in the 1870s as assistant treasury agent for the Pribilof Islands. Elliott, who was among the first to study and paint the Northern fur seal, also witnessed the species’ massacre in the face of overhunting, and he embarked on a militant crusade for governmental action to protect them. Elliott believed in an end not only to pelagic sealing—a belief supported by many scientists and by the federal Fur Seal Service—but also to managed seal harvesting on land. In his tireless campaign to promote his views, Elliott had become, as Hornaday would later put it, “in much disfavor among the Congressional and departmental enemies of the fur seal,” and Elliott began to despair of his cause. In 1907, feeling his campaign stalled, Elliott reached out to Hornaday for support. Hornaday readily took up the cause, backed by the Camp Fire Club, who agreed to make the issue an official club mandate. Initially, Hornaday’s strategy was to present himself as a nonpartisan figure. Attempting to set aside past history over the issue, he asked Elliott to remain in the background. In February 1910, Hornaday testified before the Senate Committee on Natural Resources and recommended the elimination of the government’s lease of the Pribilof Islands to private companies, an end to pelagic sealing, and a ten-year closed season on land sealing. The bill passed with important provisions for the protection of fur seals. The leasing system was ended in 1910. Pelagic sealing was banned, and the so-called Fur Seal Treaty of 1911, signed by the United States, Great Britain, Japan, and Russia, became the first international treaty to address wildlife conservation. And yet, in spite of this success, the bill was eventually implemented without a fundamental element of Hornaday’s recommendations: the closed season on land sealing, which, contrary to Hornaday and Elliott, many government agents and scientists did not perceive as a threat to the herds. Outraged, Hornaday summoned Elliott from the shadows, and the two marched forward into what Hornaday called the “war of the greatest bitterness ever waged in any fight over a wild animal species,” involving months of angry exchanges via letters and publications as well as congressional hearings on the matter. In the end, in August 1912, Hornaday and Elliott emerged successful, with Congress enacting a five-year closed season. When this closed season expired in 1917, the fur seal population had grown to a healthy count of nearly a half million animals. Volumes 4, 5, and 6 of the Hornaday Scrapbook Collection on the History of Wild Life Protection and Extermination illustrate Elliott and Hornaday’s campaign for fur seal protection. The books are composed largely of correspondence and memoranda written by Elliott, who obsessively documented the affair, even drawing up his own political cartoons and organizing a “card catalog” of those he considered enemies to fur seal protection. For Hornaday, who compiled these books in the 1930s with the assistance of H. Ernestine Bulger Ripley, the preservation of Elliott’s materials was a testament to the man he considered the true victor of this fight. Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context 1007-04-04 Wildlife Conservation Society Local metadata elements for the Wildlife Conservation Society Holding Institution Name of the institution which holds the analog material Wildlife Conservation Society Archives Digitization Specifications Detailed information about how digitization was done Camera: Canon EOS 6D with EF 100mm f/2.8L Macro IS USM, Software: Adobe Photoshop Lightroom 4, Master: 240 ppi 16-bit depth color TIFF Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context 1007-04-04-009 Title A name given to the resource William T. Hornaday wildlife conservation scrapbook, volume 4, page 9 Description An account of the resource Section title: Part I / Chronologies and summaries. Is Part Of A related resource in which the described resource is physically or logically included. The saving of the fur seal industry, 1909-1912. Part I. William T. Hornaday scrapbook collection on the history of wild life protection and extermination. Volume 4 Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Hornaday, William T. (William Temple), 1854-1937 Ripley, H. Ernestine (Harriet Ernestine), 1872- Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1930 Subject The topic of the resource Elliott, Henry Wood, 1846-1930 Hornaday, William T. (William Temple), 1854-1937 New York Zoological Society Wildlife conservation--United States--History Northern fur seal--Conservation--Law and legislation--History Sealing--Alaska--Pribilof Islands--History Scrapbooks Type The nature or genre of the resource text Language A language of the resource eng Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived Original item in WCS Archives Collection 1007 Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Wildlife Conservation Society Archives Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource This item may be protected by copyright. For rights and permissions, contact the Wildlife Conservation Society Archives, library@wcs.org Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource image/jpeg https://www.hornadayscrapbooks.com/files/original/883355deed77cd6f2fa54aaa94c1ff77.jpg d4ca615d377ecb18e49b4ee9cf0924c6 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Volume 4: The Saving of the Fur Seal Industry, 1909-1912. Part I, 1890-1930 (bulk 1903-1912) Description An account of the resource When William T. Hornaday joined in the fight to protect the Northern fur seal, he entered a decades-old battle concerning the overhunting of the species on and near the Pribilof Islands. Located 300 miles off the west coast of Alaska, the Pribilof Islands became the property of the United States in 1867, and they enticed enterprising businessmen who rushed to exploit one of the islands’ most prominent natural resources: fur seals. Seal hunting was an established and highly profitable business, and the islands were sought for their rookeries; additionally, during the 1880s, Canadian, American, and Japanese ships aggressively engaged in pelagic sealing to fuel the valuable industry. By the end of the nineteenth century, hunting had depleted the islands’ herds to near-extinction levels. Alarm over this situation developed into a complex, often bitter, international affair involving politicians, government officials, scientists, and other private citizens. For many years, the loudest voice among this last group of individuals belonged to Henry Wood Elliott, an artist and self-described naturalist who served in the 1870s as assistant treasury agent for the Pribilof Islands. Elliott, who was among the first to study and paint the Northern fur seal, also witnessed the species’ massacre in the face of overhunting, and he embarked on a militant crusade for governmental action to protect them. Elliott believed in an end not only to pelagic sealing—a belief supported by many scientists and by the federal Fur Seal Service—but also to managed seal harvesting on land. In his tireless campaign to promote his views, Elliott had become, as Hornaday would later put it, “in much disfavor among the Congressional and departmental enemies of the fur seal,” and Elliott began to despair of his cause. In 1907, feeling his campaign stalled, Elliott reached out to Hornaday for support. Hornaday readily took up the cause, backed by the Camp Fire Club, who agreed to make the issue an official club mandate. Initially, Hornaday’s strategy was to present himself as a nonpartisan figure. Attempting to set aside past history over the issue, he asked Elliott to remain in the background. In February 1910, Hornaday testified before the Senate Committee on Natural Resources and recommended the elimination of the government’s lease of the Pribilof Islands to private companies, an end to pelagic sealing, and a ten-year closed season on land sealing. The bill passed with important provisions for the protection of fur seals. The leasing system was ended in 1910. Pelagic sealing was banned, and the so-called Fur Seal Treaty of 1911, signed by the United States, Great Britain, Japan, and Russia, became the first international treaty to address wildlife conservation. And yet, in spite of this success, the bill was eventually implemented without a fundamental element of Hornaday’s recommendations: the closed season on land sealing, which, contrary to Hornaday and Elliott, many government agents and scientists did not perceive as a threat to the herds. Outraged, Hornaday summoned Elliott from the shadows, and the two marched forward into what Hornaday called the “war of the greatest bitterness ever waged in any fight over a wild animal species,” involving months of angry exchanges via letters and publications as well as congressional hearings on the matter. In the end, in August 1912, Hornaday and Elliott emerged successful, with Congress enacting a five-year closed season. When this closed season expired in 1917, the fur seal population had grown to a healthy count of nearly a half million animals. Volumes 4, 5, and 6 of the Hornaday Scrapbook Collection on the History of Wild Life Protection and Extermination illustrate Elliott and Hornaday’s campaign for fur seal protection. The books are composed largely of correspondence and memoranda written by Elliott, who obsessively documented the affair, even drawing up his own political cartoons and organizing a “card catalog” of those he considered enemies to fur seal protection. For Hornaday, who compiled these books in the 1930s with the assistance of H. Ernestine Bulger Ripley, the preservation of Elliott’s materials was a testament to the man he considered the true victor of this fight. Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context 1007-04-04 Wildlife Conservation Society Local metadata elements for the Wildlife Conservation Society Holding Institution Name of the institution which holds the analog material Wildlife Conservation Society Archives Digitization Specifications Detailed information about how digitization was done Camera: Canon EOS 6D with EF 100mm f/2.8L Macro IS USM, Software: Adobe Photoshop Lightroom 4, Master: 240 ppi 16-bit depth color TIFF Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context 1007-04-04-010 Title A name given to the resource William T. Hornaday wildlife conservation scrapbook, volume 4, page 10 Description An account of the resource Scrapbook page contains no items. Is Part Of A related resource in which the described resource is physically or logically included. The saving of the fur seal industry, 1909-1912. Part I. William T. Hornaday scrapbook collection on the history of wild life protection and extermination. Volume 4 Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Hornaday, William T. (William Temple), 1854-1937 Ripley, H. Ernestine (Harriet Ernestine), 1872- Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1930 Subject The topic of the resource Scrapbooks Type The nature or genre of the resource text Language A language of the resource eng Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived Original item in WCS Archives Collection 1007 Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Wildlife Conservation Society Archives Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource This item may be protected by copyright. For rights and permissions, contact the Wildlife Conservation Society Archives, library@wcs.org Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource image/jpeg https://www.hornadayscrapbooks.com/files/original/f66876edd32c127faeaffbc3702e59e2.jpg 117a5aa60948553845dcb3f66cffa704 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Volume 4: The Saving of the Fur Seal Industry, 1909-1912. Part I, 1890-1930 (bulk 1903-1912) Description An account of the resource When William T. Hornaday joined in the fight to protect the Northern fur seal, he entered a decades-old battle concerning the overhunting of the species on and near the Pribilof Islands. Located 300 miles off the west coast of Alaska, the Pribilof Islands became the property of the United States in 1867, and they enticed enterprising businessmen who rushed to exploit one of the islands’ most prominent natural resources: fur seals. Seal hunting was an established and highly profitable business, and the islands were sought for their rookeries; additionally, during the 1880s, Canadian, American, and Japanese ships aggressively engaged in pelagic sealing to fuel the valuable industry. By the end of the nineteenth century, hunting had depleted the islands’ herds to near-extinction levels. Alarm over this situation developed into a complex, often bitter, international affair involving politicians, government officials, scientists, and other private citizens. For many years, the loudest voice among this last group of individuals belonged to Henry Wood Elliott, an artist and self-described naturalist who served in the 1870s as assistant treasury agent for the Pribilof Islands. Elliott, who was among the first to study and paint the Northern fur seal, also witnessed the species’ massacre in the face of overhunting, and he embarked on a militant crusade for governmental action to protect them. Elliott believed in an end not only to pelagic sealing—a belief supported by many scientists and by the federal Fur Seal Service—but also to managed seal harvesting on land. In his tireless campaign to promote his views, Elliott had become, as Hornaday would later put it, “in much disfavor among the Congressional and departmental enemies of the fur seal,” and Elliott began to despair of his cause. In 1907, feeling his campaign stalled, Elliott reached out to Hornaday for support. Hornaday readily took up the cause, backed by the Camp Fire Club, who agreed to make the issue an official club mandate. Initially, Hornaday’s strategy was to present himself as a nonpartisan figure. Attempting to set aside past history over the issue, he asked Elliott to remain in the background. In February 1910, Hornaday testified before the Senate Committee on Natural Resources and recommended the elimination of the government’s lease of the Pribilof Islands to private companies, an end to pelagic sealing, and a ten-year closed season on land sealing. The bill passed with important provisions for the protection of fur seals. The leasing system was ended in 1910. Pelagic sealing was banned, and the so-called Fur Seal Treaty of 1911, signed by the United States, Great Britain, Japan, and Russia, became the first international treaty to address wildlife conservation. And yet, in spite of this success, the bill was eventually implemented without a fundamental element of Hornaday’s recommendations: the closed season on land sealing, which, contrary to Hornaday and Elliott, many government agents and scientists did not perceive as a threat to the herds. Outraged, Hornaday summoned Elliott from the shadows, and the two marched forward into what Hornaday called the “war of the greatest bitterness ever waged in any fight over a wild animal species,” involving months of angry exchanges via letters and publications as well as congressional hearings on the matter. In the end, in August 1912, Hornaday and Elliott emerged successful, with Congress enacting a five-year closed season. When this closed season expired in 1917, the fur seal population had grown to a healthy count of nearly a half million animals. Volumes 4, 5, and 6 of the Hornaday Scrapbook Collection on the History of Wild Life Protection and Extermination illustrate Elliott and Hornaday’s campaign for fur seal protection. The books are composed largely of correspondence and memoranda written by Elliott, who obsessively documented the affair, even drawing up his own political cartoons and organizing a “card catalog” of those he considered enemies to fur seal protection. For Hornaday, who compiled these books in the 1930s with the assistance of H. Ernestine Bulger Ripley, the preservation of Elliott’s materials was a testament to the man he considered the true victor of this fight. Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context 1007-04-04 Wildlife Conservation Society Local metadata elements for the Wildlife Conservation Society Holding Institution Name of the institution which holds the analog material Wildlife Conservation Society Archives Digitization Specifications Detailed information about how digitization was done Camera: Canon EOS 6D with EF 100mm f/2.8L Macro IS USM, Software: Adobe Photoshop Lightroom 4, Master: 240 ppi 16-bit depth color TIFF Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context 1007-04-04-011-a Title A name given to the resource William T. Hornaday wildlife conservation scrapbook, volume 4, page 11a Has Part A related resource that is included either physically or logically in the described resource. Brief chronological history of the American fur-seal industry from 1867 to 1910. Compiled by William T. Hornaday, Chairman of the Committee on Game Protective Legislation of the Camp-Fire Club of America, from official records and from facts furnished by Henry W. Elliott of Lakewood, Ohio. 7 pgs. Contributor An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource Camp Fire Club of America Is Part Of A related resource in which the described resource is physically or logically included. The saving of the fur seal industry, 1909-1912. Part I. William T. Hornaday scrapbook collection on the history of wild life protection and extermination. Volume 4 Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Hornaday, William T. (William Temple), 1854-1937 Ripley, H. Ernestine (Harriet Ernestine), 1872- Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1930 Subject The topic of the resource Elliott, Henry Wood, 1846-1930 Hornaday, William T. (William Temple), 1854-1937 New York Zoological Society Wildlife conservation--United States--History Northern fur seal--Conservation--Law and legislation--History Sealing--Alaska--Pribilof Islands--History Scrapbooks Type The nature or genre of the resource text Language A language of the resource eng Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived Original item in WCS Archives Collection 1007 Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Wildlife Conservation Society Archives Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource This item may be protected by copyright. For rights and permissions, contact the Wildlife Conservation Society Archives, library@wcs.org Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource image/jpeg https://www.hornadayscrapbooks.com/files/original/541bf6b847096709f417b925e4424f86.jpg 8216cc084c5634592b3d8d7ef4f6da33 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Volume 4: The Saving of the Fur Seal Industry, 1909-1912. Part I, 1890-1930 (bulk 1903-1912) Description An account of the resource When William T. Hornaday joined in the fight to protect the Northern fur seal, he entered a decades-old battle concerning the overhunting of the species on and near the Pribilof Islands. Located 300 miles off the west coast of Alaska, the Pribilof Islands became the property of the United States in 1867, and they enticed enterprising businessmen who rushed to exploit one of the islands’ most prominent natural resources: fur seals. Seal hunting was an established and highly profitable business, and the islands were sought for their rookeries; additionally, during the 1880s, Canadian, American, and Japanese ships aggressively engaged in pelagic sealing to fuel the valuable industry. By the end of the nineteenth century, hunting had depleted the islands’ herds to near-extinction levels. Alarm over this situation developed into a complex, often bitter, international affair involving politicians, government officials, scientists, and other private citizens. For many years, the loudest voice among this last group of individuals belonged to Henry Wood Elliott, an artist and self-described naturalist who served in the 1870s as assistant treasury agent for the Pribilof Islands. Elliott, who was among the first to study and paint the Northern fur seal, also witnessed the species’ massacre in the face of overhunting, and he embarked on a militant crusade for governmental action to protect them. Elliott believed in an end not only to pelagic sealing—a belief supported by many scientists and by the federal Fur Seal Service—but also to managed seal harvesting on land. In his tireless campaign to promote his views, Elliott had become, as Hornaday would later put it, “in much disfavor among the Congressional and departmental enemies of the fur seal,” and Elliott began to despair of his cause. In 1907, feeling his campaign stalled, Elliott reached out to Hornaday for support. Hornaday readily took up the cause, backed by the Camp Fire Club, who agreed to make the issue an official club mandate. Initially, Hornaday’s strategy was to present himself as a nonpartisan figure. Attempting to set aside past history over the issue, he asked Elliott to remain in the background. In February 1910, Hornaday testified before the Senate Committee on Natural Resources and recommended the elimination of the government’s lease of the Pribilof Islands to private companies, an end to pelagic sealing, and a ten-year closed season on land sealing. The bill passed with important provisions for the protection of fur seals. The leasing system was ended in 1910. Pelagic sealing was banned, and the so-called Fur Seal Treaty of 1911, signed by the United States, Great Britain, Japan, and Russia, became the first international treaty to address wildlife conservation. And yet, in spite of this success, the bill was eventually implemented without a fundamental element of Hornaday’s recommendations: the closed season on land sealing, which, contrary to Hornaday and Elliott, many government agents and scientists did not perceive as a threat to the herds. Outraged, Hornaday summoned Elliott from the shadows, and the two marched forward into what Hornaday called the “war of the greatest bitterness ever waged in any fight over a wild animal species,” involving months of angry exchanges via letters and publications as well as congressional hearings on the matter. In the end, in August 1912, Hornaday and Elliott emerged successful, with Congress enacting a five-year closed season. When this closed season expired in 1917, the fur seal population had grown to a healthy count of nearly a half million animals. Volumes 4, 5, and 6 of the Hornaday Scrapbook Collection on the History of Wild Life Protection and Extermination illustrate Elliott and Hornaday’s campaign for fur seal protection. The books are composed largely of correspondence and memoranda written by Elliott, who obsessively documented the affair, even drawing up his own political cartoons and organizing a “card catalog” of those he considered enemies to fur seal protection. For Hornaday, who compiled these books in the 1930s with the assistance of H. Ernestine Bulger Ripley, the preservation of Elliott’s materials was a testament to the man he considered the true victor of this fight. Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context 1007-04-04 Wildlife Conservation Society Local metadata elements for the Wildlife Conservation Society Holding Institution Name of the institution which holds the analog material Wildlife Conservation Society Archives Digitization Specifications Detailed information about how digitization was done Camera: Canon EOS 6D with EF 100mm f/2.8L Macro IS USM, Software: Adobe Photoshop Lightroom 4, Master: 240 ppi 16-bit depth color TIFF Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context 1007-04-04-011-b Title A name given to the resource William T. Hornaday wildlife conservation scrapbook, volume 4, page 11b Has Part A related resource that is included either physically or logically in the described resource. Brief chronological history of the American fur-seal industry from 1867 to 1910. Compiled by William T. Hornaday, Chairman of the Committee on Game Protective Legislation of the Camp-Fire Club of America, from official records and from facts furnished by Henry W. Elliott of Lakewood, Ohio. 7 pgs. Contributor An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource Camp Fire Club of America Is Part Of A related resource in which the described resource is physically or logically included. The saving of the fur seal industry, 1909-1912. Part I. William T. Hornaday scrapbook collection on the history of wild life protection and extermination. Volume 4 Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Hornaday, William T. (William Temple), 1854-1937 Ripley, H. Ernestine (Harriet Ernestine), 1872- Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1930 Subject The topic of the resource Elliott, Henry Wood, 1846-1930 Hornaday, William T. (William Temple), 1854-1937 New York Zoological Society Wildlife conservation--United States--History Northern fur seal--Conservation--Law and legislation--History Sealing--Alaska--Pribilof Islands--History Scrapbooks Type The nature or genre of the resource text Language A language of the resource eng Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived Original item in WCS Archives Collection 1007 Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Wildlife Conservation Society Archives Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource This item may be protected by copyright. For rights and permissions, contact the Wildlife Conservation Society Archives, library@wcs.org Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource image/jpeg https://www.hornadayscrapbooks.com/files/original/7a792c85e50ad811f4abc10b849bafa1.jpg 675dde5a4d3de1136b21cc6f0ca6d102 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Volume 4: The Saving of the Fur Seal Industry, 1909-1912. Part I, 1890-1930 (bulk 1903-1912) Description An account of the resource When William T. Hornaday joined in the fight to protect the Northern fur seal, he entered a decades-old battle concerning the overhunting of the species on and near the Pribilof Islands. Located 300 miles off the west coast of Alaska, the Pribilof Islands became the property of the United States in 1867, and they enticed enterprising businessmen who rushed to exploit one of the islands’ most prominent natural resources: fur seals. Seal hunting was an established and highly profitable business, and the islands were sought for their rookeries; additionally, during the 1880s, Canadian, American, and Japanese ships aggressively engaged in pelagic sealing to fuel the valuable industry. By the end of the nineteenth century, hunting had depleted the islands’ herds to near-extinction levels. Alarm over this situation developed into a complex, often bitter, international affair involving politicians, government officials, scientists, and other private citizens. For many years, the loudest voice among this last group of individuals belonged to Henry Wood Elliott, an artist and self-described naturalist who served in the 1870s as assistant treasury agent for the Pribilof Islands. Elliott, who was among the first to study and paint the Northern fur seal, also witnessed the species’ massacre in the face of overhunting, and he embarked on a militant crusade for governmental action to protect them. Elliott believed in an end not only to pelagic sealing—a belief supported by many scientists and by the federal Fur Seal Service—but also to managed seal harvesting on land. In his tireless campaign to promote his views, Elliott had become, as Hornaday would later put it, “in much disfavor among the Congressional and departmental enemies of the fur seal,” and Elliott began to despair of his cause. In 1907, feeling his campaign stalled, Elliott reached out to Hornaday for support. Hornaday readily took up the cause, backed by the Camp Fire Club, who agreed to make the issue an official club mandate. Initially, Hornaday’s strategy was to present himself as a nonpartisan figure. Attempting to set aside past history over the issue, he asked Elliott to remain in the background. In February 1910, Hornaday testified before the Senate Committee on Natural Resources and recommended the elimination of the government’s lease of the Pribilof Islands to private companies, an end to pelagic sealing, and a ten-year closed season on land sealing. The bill passed with important provisions for the protection of fur seals. The leasing system was ended in 1910. Pelagic sealing was banned, and the so-called Fur Seal Treaty of 1911, signed by the United States, Great Britain, Japan, and Russia, became the first international treaty to address wildlife conservation. And yet, in spite of this success, the bill was eventually implemented without a fundamental element of Hornaday’s recommendations: the closed season on land sealing, which, contrary to Hornaday and Elliott, many government agents and scientists did not perceive as a threat to the herds. Outraged, Hornaday summoned Elliott from the shadows, and the two marched forward into what Hornaday called the “war of the greatest bitterness ever waged in any fight over a wild animal species,” involving months of angry exchanges via letters and publications as well as congressional hearings on the matter. In the end, in August 1912, Hornaday and Elliott emerged successful, with Congress enacting a five-year closed season. When this closed season expired in 1917, the fur seal population had grown to a healthy count of nearly a half million animals. Volumes 4, 5, and 6 of the Hornaday Scrapbook Collection on the History of Wild Life Protection and Extermination illustrate Elliott and Hornaday’s campaign for fur seal protection. The books are composed largely of correspondence and memoranda written by Elliott, who obsessively documented the affair, even drawing up his own political cartoons and organizing a “card catalog” of those he considered enemies to fur seal protection. For Hornaday, who compiled these books in the 1930s with the assistance of H. Ernestine Bulger Ripley, the preservation of Elliott’s materials was a testament to the man he considered the true victor of this fight. Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context 1007-04-04 Wildlife Conservation Society Local metadata elements for the Wildlife Conservation Society Holding Institution Name of the institution which holds the analog material Wildlife Conservation Society Archives Digitization Specifications Detailed information about how digitization was done Camera: Canon EOS 6D with EF 100mm f/2.8L Macro IS USM, Software: Adobe Photoshop Lightroom 4, Master: 240 ppi 16-bit depth color TIFF Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context 1007-04-04-011-c Title A name given to the resource William T. Hornaday wildlife conservation scrapbook, volume 4, page 11c Has Part A related resource that is included either physically or logically in the described resource. Brief chronological history of the American fur-seal industry from 1867 to 1910. Compiled by William T. Hornaday, Chairman of the Committee on Game Protective Legislation of the Camp-Fire Club of America, from official records and from facts furnished by Henry W. Elliott of Lakewood, Ohio. 7 pgs. Contributor An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource Camp Fire Club of America Is Part Of A related resource in which the described resource is physically or logically included. The saving of the fur seal industry, 1909-1912. Part I. William T. Hornaday scrapbook collection on the history of wild life protection and extermination. Volume 4 Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Hornaday, William T. (William Temple), 1854-1937 Ripley, H. Ernestine (Harriet Ernestine), 1872- Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1930 Subject The topic of the resource Elliott, Henry Wood, 1846-1930 Hornaday, William T. (William Temple), 1854-1937 New York Zoological Society Wildlife conservation--United States--History Northern fur seal--Conservation--Law and legislation--History Sealing--Alaska--Pribilof Islands--History Scrapbooks Type The nature or genre of the resource text Language A language of the resource eng Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived Original item in WCS Archives Collection 1007 Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Wildlife Conservation Society Archives Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource This item may be protected by copyright. For rights and permissions, contact the Wildlife Conservation Society Archives, library@wcs.org Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource image/jpeg https://www.hornadayscrapbooks.com/files/original/f4b31d428499265b529af1ca64bfb1a5.jpg 7e2fb758cfe3d6a385a54add279aba8f Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Volume 4: The Saving of the Fur Seal Industry, 1909-1912. Part I, 1890-1930 (bulk 1903-1912) Description An account of the resource When William T. Hornaday joined in the fight to protect the Northern fur seal, he entered a decades-old battle concerning the overhunting of the species on and near the Pribilof Islands. Located 300 miles off the west coast of Alaska, the Pribilof Islands became the property of the United States in 1867, and they enticed enterprising businessmen who rushed to exploit one of the islands’ most prominent natural resources: fur seals. Seal hunting was an established and highly profitable business, and the islands were sought for their rookeries; additionally, during the 1880s, Canadian, American, and Japanese ships aggressively engaged in pelagic sealing to fuel the valuable industry. By the end of the nineteenth century, hunting had depleted the islands’ herds to near-extinction levels. Alarm over this situation developed into a complex, often bitter, international affair involving politicians, government officials, scientists, and other private citizens. For many years, the loudest voice among this last group of individuals belonged to Henry Wood Elliott, an artist and self-described naturalist who served in the 1870s as assistant treasury agent for the Pribilof Islands. Elliott, who was among the first to study and paint the Northern fur seal, also witnessed the species’ massacre in the face of overhunting, and he embarked on a militant crusade for governmental action to protect them. Elliott believed in an end not only to pelagic sealing—a belief supported by many scientists and by the federal Fur Seal Service—but also to managed seal harvesting on land. In his tireless campaign to promote his views, Elliott had become, as Hornaday would later put it, “in much disfavor among the Congressional and departmental enemies of the fur seal,” and Elliott began to despair of his cause. In 1907, feeling his campaign stalled, Elliott reached out to Hornaday for support. Hornaday readily took up the cause, backed by the Camp Fire Club, who agreed to make the issue an official club mandate. Initially, Hornaday’s strategy was to present himself as a nonpartisan figure. Attempting to set aside past history over the issue, he asked Elliott to remain in the background. In February 1910, Hornaday testified before the Senate Committee on Natural Resources and recommended the elimination of the government’s lease of the Pribilof Islands to private companies, an end to pelagic sealing, and a ten-year closed season on land sealing. The bill passed with important provisions for the protection of fur seals. The leasing system was ended in 1910. Pelagic sealing was banned, and the so-called Fur Seal Treaty of 1911, signed by the United States, Great Britain, Japan, and Russia, became the first international treaty to address wildlife conservation. And yet, in spite of this success, the bill was eventually implemented without a fundamental element of Hornaday’s recommendations: the closed season on land sealing, which, contrary to Hornaday and Elliott, many government agents and scientists did not perceive as a threat to the herds. Outraged, Hornaday summoned Elliott from the shadows, and the two marched forward into what Hornaday called the “war of the greatest bitterness ever waged in any fight over a wild animal species,” involving months of angry exchanges via letters and publications as well as congressional hearings on the matter. In the end, in August 1912, Hornaday and Elliott emerged successful, with Congress enacting a five-year closed season. When this closed season expired in 1917, the fur seal population had grown to a healthy count of nearly a half million animals. Volumes 4, 5, and 6 of the Hornaday Scrapbook Collection on the History of Wild Life Protection and Extermination illustrate Elliott and Hornaday’s campaign for fur seal protection. The books are composed largely of correspondence and memoranda written by Elliott, who obsessively documented the affair, even drawing up his own political cartoons and organizing a “card catalog” of those he considered enemies to fur seal protection. For Hornaday, who compiled these books in the 1930s with the assistance of H. Ernestine Bulger Ripley, the preservation of Elliott’s materials was a testament to the man he considered the true victor of this fight. Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context 1007-04-04 Wildlife Conservation Society Local metadata elements for the Wildlife Conservation Society Holding Institution Name of the institution which holds the analog material Wildlife Conservation Society Archives Digitization Specifications Detailed information about how digitization was done Camera: Canon EOS 6D with EF 100mm f/2.8L Macro IS USM, Software: Adobe Photoshop Lightroom 4, Master: 240 ppi 16-bit depth color TIFF Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context 1007-04-04-011-d Title A name given to the resource William T. Hornaday wildlife conservation scrapbook, volume 4, page 11d Has Part A related resource that is included either physically or logically in the described resource. Brief chronological history of the American fur-seal industry from 1867 to 1910. Compiled by William T. Hornaday, Chairman of the Committee on Game Protective Legislation of the Camp-Fire Club of America, from official records and from facts furnished by Henry W. Elliott of Lakewood, Ohio. 7 pgs. Contributor An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource Camp Fire Club of America Is Part Of A related resource in which the described resource is physically or logically included. The saving of the fur seal industry, 1909-1912. Part I. William T. Hornaday scrapbook collection on the history of wild life protection and extermination. Volume 4 Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Hornaday, William T. (William Temple), 1854-1937 Ripley, H. Ernestine (Harriet Ernestine), 1872- Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1930 Subject The topic of the resource Elliott, Henry Wood, 1846-1930 Hornaday, William T. (William Temple), 1854-1937 New York Zoological Society Wildlife conservation--United States--History Northern fur seal--Conservation--Law and legislation--History Sealing--Alaska--Pribilof Islands--History Scrapbooks Type The nature or genre of the resource text Language A language of the resource eng Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived Original item in WCS Archives Collection 1007 Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Wildlife Conservation Society Archives Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource This item may be protected by copyright. For rights and permissions, contact the Wildlife Conservation Society Archives, library@wcs.org Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource image/jpeg