111 10 2888 https://www.hornadayscrapbooks.com/files/original/8585c775573f7aa63ad09ef2ea3b348c.jpg 016490ddf2fc53d0629854f7a852286b Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Volume 4: The Saving of the Fur Seal Industry, 1909-1912. Part I, 1890-1930 (bulk 1903-1912) Description An account of the resource When William T. Hornaday joined in the fight to protect the Northern fur seal, he entered a decades-old battle concerning the overhunting of the species on and near the Pribilof Islands. Located 300 miles off the west coast of Alaska, the Pribilof Islands became the property of the United States in 1867, and they enticed enterprising businessmen who rushed to exploit one of the islands’ most prominent natural resources: fur seals. Seal hunting was an established and highly profitable business, and the islands were sought for their rookeries; additionally, during the 1880s, Canadian, American, and Japanese ships aggressively engaged in pelagic sealing to fuel the valuable industry. By the end of the nineteenth century, hunting had depleted the islands’ herds to near-extinction levels. Alarm over this situation developed into a complex, often bitter, international affair involving politicians, government officials, scientists, and other private citizens. For many years, the loudest voice among this last group of individuals belonged to Henry Wood Elliott, an artist and self-described naturalist who served in the 1870s as assistant treasury agent for the Pribilof Islands. Elliott, who was among the first to study and paint the Northern fur seal, also witnessed the species’ massacre in the face of overhunting, and he embarked on a militant crusade for governmental action to protect them. Elliott believed in an end not only to pelagic sealing—a belief supported by many scientists and by the federal Fur Seal Service—but also to managed seal harvesting on land. In his tireless campaign to promote his views, Elliott had become, as Hornaday would later put it, “in much disfavor among the Congressional and departmental enemies of the fur seal,” and Elliott began to despair of his cause. In 1907, feeling his campaign stalled, Elliott reached out to Hornaday for support. Hornaday readily took up the cause, backed by the Camp Fire Club, who agreed to make the issue an official club mandate. Initially, Hornaday’s strategy was to present himself as a nonpartisan figure. Attempting to set aside past history over the issue, he asked Elliott to remain in the background. In February 1910, Hornaday testified before the Senate Committee on Natural Resources and recommended the elimination of the government’s lease of the Pribilof Islands to private companies, an end to pelagic sealing, and a ten-year closed season on land sealing. The bill passed with important provisions for the protection of fur seals. The leasing system was ended in 1910. Pelagic sealing was banned, and the so-called Fur Seal Treaty of 1911, signed by the United States, Great Britain, Japan, and Russia, became the first international treaty to address wildlife conservation. And yet, in spite of this success, the bill was eventually implemented without a fundamental element of Hornaday’s recommendations: the closed season on land sealing, which, contrary to Hornaday and Elliott, many government agents and scientists did not perceive as a threat to the herds. Outraged, Hornaday summoned Elliott from the shadows, and the two marched forward into what Hornaday called the “war of the greatest bitterness ever waged in any fight over a wild animal species,” involving months of angry exchanges via letters and publications as well as congressional hearings on the matter. In the end, in August 1912, Hornaday and Elliott emerged successful, with Congress enacting a five-year closed season. When this closed season expired in 1917, the fur seal population had grown to a healthy count of nearly a half million animals. Volumes 4, 5, and 6 of the Hornaday Scrapbook Collection on the History of Wild Life Protection and Extermination illustrate Elliott and Hornaday’s campaign for fur seal protection. The books are composed largely of correspondence and memoranda written by Elliott, who obsessively documented the affair, even drawing up his own political cartoons and organizing a “card catalog” of those he considered enemies to fur seal protection. For Hornaday, who compiled these books in the 1930s with the assistance of H. Ernestine Bulger Ripley, the preservation of Elliott’s materials was a testament to the man he considered the true victor of this fight. Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context 1007-04-04 Wildlife Conservation Society Local metadata elements for the Wildlife Conservation Society Holding Institution Name of the institution which holds the analog material Wildlife Conservation Society Archives Digitization Specifications Detailed information about how digitization was done Camera: Canon EOS 6D with EF 100mm f/2.8L Macro IS USM, Software: Adobe Photoshop Lightroom 4, Master: 240 ppi 16-bit depth color TIFF Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context 1007-04-04-101-a Title A name given to the resource William T. Hornaday wildlife conservation scrapbook, volume 4, page 101a Has Part A related resource that is included either physically or logically in the described resource. US Senate. Official message from the President of the United States William H. Taft recommending that the North American Commercial Company be denied further lease to collect fur seals from the islands of St. Paul and St. George. Document No. 430, 1910-03-15. 2 pgs. Contributor An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource Taft, William H. (William Howard), 1857-1930 United States. Congress. Senate Is Part Of A related resource in which the described resource is physically or logically included. The saving of the fur seal industry, 1909-1912. Part I. William T. Hornaday scrapbook collection on the history of wild life protection and extermination. Volume 4 Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Hornaday, William T. (William Temple), 1854-1937 Ripley, H. Ernestine (Harriet Ernestine), 1872- Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1930 Subject The topic of the resource Elliott, Henry Wood, 1846-1930 Hornaday, William T. (William Temple), 1854-1937 New York Zoological Society Wildlife conservation--United States--History Northern fur seal--Conservation--Law and legislation--History Sealing--Alaska--Pribilof Islands--History Scrapbooks Type The nature or genre of the resource text Language A language of the resource eng Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived Original item in WCS Archives Collection 1007 Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Wildlife Conservation Society Archives Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource This item may be protected by copyright. For rights and permissions, contact the Wildlife Conservation Society Archives, library@wcs.org Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource image/jpeg https://www.hornadayscrapbooks.com/files/original/1cfe06cca5f42c8ff80c4bdd5e4dc949.jpg 0dc1e106088549fe6e50c4f857aff0b8 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Volume 4: The Saving of the Fur Seal Industry, 1909-1912. Part I, 1890-1930 (bulk 1903-1912) Description An account of the resource When William T. Hornaday joined in the fight to protect the Northern fur seal, he entered a decades-old battle concerning the overhunting of the species on and near the Pribilof Islands. Located 300 miles off the west coast of Alaska, the Pribilof Islands became the property of the United States in 1867, and they enticed enterprising businessmen who rushed to exploit one of the islands’ most prominent natural resources: fur seals. Seal hunting was an established and highly profitable business, and the islands were sought for their rookeries; additionally, during the 1880s, Canadian, American, and Japanese ships aggressively engaged in pelagic sealing to fuel the valuable industry. By the end of the nineteenth century, hunting had depleted the islands’ herds to near-extinction levels. Alarm over this situation developed into a complex, often bitter, international affair involving politicians, government officials, scientists, and other private citizens. For many years, the loudest voice among this last group of individuals belonged to Henry Wood Elliott, an artist and self-described naturalist who served in the 1870s as assistant treasury agent for the Pribilof Islands. Elliott, who was among the first to study and paint the Northern fur seal, also witnessed the species’ massacre in the face of overhunting, and he embarked on a militant crusade for governmental action to protect them. Elliott believed in an end not only to pelagic sealing—a belief supported by many scientists and by the federal Fur Seal Service—but also to managed seal harvesting on land. In his tireless campaign to promote his views, Elliott had become, as Hornaday would later put it, “in much disfavor among the Congressional and departmental enemies of the fur seal,” and Elliott began to despair of his cause. In 1907, feeling his campaign stalled, Elliott reached out to Hornaday for support. Hornaday readily took up the cause, backed by the Camp Fire Club, who agreed to make the issue an official club mandate. Initially, Hornaday’s strategy was to present himself as a nonpartisan figure. Attempting to set aside past history over the issue, he asked Elliott to remain in the background. In February 1910, Hornaday testified before the Senate Committee on Natural Resources and recommended the elimination of the government’s lease of the Pribilof Islands to private companies, an end to pelagic sealing, and a ten-year closed season on land sealing. The bill passed with important provisions for the protection of fur seals. The leasing system was ended in 1910. Pelagic sealing was banned, and the so-called Fur Seal Treaty of 1911, signed by the United States, Great Britain, Japan, and Russia, became the first international treaty to address wildlife conservation. And yet, in spite of this success, the bill was eventually implemented without a fundamental element of Hornaday’s recommendations: the closed season on land sealing, which, contrary to Hornaday and Elliott, many government agents and scientists did not perceive as a threat to the herds. Outraged, Hornaday summoned Elliott from the shadows, and the two marched forward into what Hornaday called the “war of the greatest bitterness ever waged in any fight over a wild animal species,” involving months of angry exchanges via letters and publications as well as congressional hearings on the matter. In the end, in August 1912, Hornaday and Elliott emerged successful, with Congress enacting a five-year closed season. When this closed season expired in 1917, the fur seal population had grown to a healthy count of nearly a half million animals. Volumes 4, 5, and 6 of the Hornaday Scrapbook Collection on the History of Wild Life Protection and Extermination illustrate Elliott and Hornaday’s campaign for fur seal protection. The books are composed largely of correspondence and memoranda written by Elliott, who obsessively documented the affair, even drawing up his own political cartoons and organizing a “card catalog” of those he considered enemies to fur seal protection. For Hornaday, who compiled these books in the 1930s with the assistance of H. Ernestine Bulger Ripley, the preservation of Elliott’s materials was a testament to the man he considered the true victor of this fight. Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context 1007-04-04 Wildlife Conservation Society Local metadata elements for the Wildlife Conservation Society Holding Institution Name of the institution which holds the analog material Wildlife Conservation Society Archives Digitization Specifications Detailed information about how digitization was done Camera: Canon EOS 6D with EF 100mm f/2.8L Macro IS USM, Software: Adobe Photoshop Lightroom 4, Master: 240 ppi 16-bit depth color TIFF Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context 1007-04-04-101-b Title A name given to the resource William T. Hornaday wildlife conservation scrapbook, volume 4, page 101b Has Part A related resource that is included either physically or logically in the described resource. US Senate. Official message from the President of the United States William H. Taft recommending that the North American Commercial Company be denied further lease to collect fur seals from the islands of St. Paul and St. George. Document No. 430, 1910-03-15. 2 pgs. Contributor An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource Taft, William H. (William Howard), 1857-1930 United States. Congress. Senate Is Part Of A related resource in which the described resource is physically or logically included. The saving of the fur seal industry, 1909-1912. Part I. William T. Hornaday scrapbook collection on the history of wild life protection and extermination. Volume 4 Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Hornaday, William T. (William Temple), 1854-1937 Ripley, H. Ernestine (Harriet Ernestine), 1872- Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1930 Subject The topic of the resource Elliott, Henry Wood, 1846-1930 Hornaday, William T. (William Temple), 1854-1937 New York Zoological Society Wildlife conservation--United States--History Northern fur seal--Conservation--Law and legislation--History Sealing--Alaska--Pribilof Islands--History Scrapbooks Type The nature or genre of the resource text Language A language of the resource eng Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived Original item in WCS Archives Collection 1007 Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Wildlife Conservation Society Archives Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource This item may be protected by copyright. For rights and permissions, contact the Wildlife Conservation Society Archives, library@wcs.org Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource image/jpeg https://www.hornadayscrapbooks.com/files/original/717863ea12ebd4efbc314d1177c482e6.jpg 3130d9148e58658e87b9707fcc7552da Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Volume 4: The Saving of the Fur Seal Industry, 1909-1912. Part I, 1890-1930 (bulk 1903-1912) Description An account of the resource When William T. Hornaday joined in the fight to protect the Northern fur seal, he entered a decades-old battle concerning the overhunting of the species on and near the Pribilof Islands. Located 300 miles off the west coast of Alaska, the Pribilof Islands became the property of the United States in 1867, and they enticed enterprising businessmen who rushed to exploit one of the islands’ most prominent natural resources: fur seals. Seal hunting was an established and highly profitable business, and the islands were sought for their rookeries; additionally, during the 1880s, Canadian, American, and Japanese ships aggressively engaged in pelagic sealing to fuel the valuable industry. By the end of the nineteenth century, hunting had depleted the islands’ herds to near-extinction levels. Alarm over this situation developed into a complex, often bitter, international affair involving politicians, government officials, scientists, and other private citizens. For many years, the loudest voice among this last group of individuals belonged to Henry Wood Elliott, an artist and self-described naturalist who served in the 1870s as assistant treasury agent for the Pribilof Islands. Elliott, who was among the first to study and paint the Northern fur seal, also witnessed the species’ massacre in the face of overhunting, and he embarked on a militant crusade for governmental action to protect them. Elliott believed in an end not only to pelagic sealing—a belief supported by many scientists and by the federal Fur Seal Service—but also to managed seal harvesting on land. In his tireless campaign to promote his views, Elliott had become, as Hornaday would later put it, “in much disfavor among the Congressional and departmental enemies of the fur seal,” and Elliott began to despair of his cause. In 1907, feeling his campaign stalled, Elliott reached out to Hornaday for support. Hornaday readily took up the cause, backed by the Camp Fire Club, who agreed to make the issue an official club mandate. Initially, Hornaday’s strategy was to present himself as a nonpartisan figure. Attempting to set aside past history over the issue, he asked Elliott to remain in the background. In February 1910, Hornaday testified before the Senate Committee on Natural Resources and recommended the elimination of the government’s lease of the Pribilof Islands to private companies, an end to pelagic sealing, and a ten-year closed season on land sealing. The bill passed with important provisions for the protection of fur seals. The leasing system was ended in 1910. Pelagic sealing was banned, and the so-called Fur Seal Treaty of 1911, signed by the United States, Great Britain, Japan, and Russia, became the first international treaty to address wildlife conservation. And yet, in spite of this success, the bill was eventually implemented without a fundamental element of Hornaday’s recommendations: the closed season on land sealing, which, contrary to Hornaday and Elliott, many government agents and scientists did not perceive as a threat to the herds. Outraged, Hornaday summoned Elliott from the shadows, and the two marched forward into what Hornaday called the “war of the greatest bitterness ever waged in any fight over a wild animal species,” involving months of angry exchanges via letters and publications as well as congressional hearings on the matter. In the end, in August 1912, Hornaday and Elliott emerged successful, with Congress enacting a five-year closed season. When this closed season expired in 1917, the fur seal population had grown to a healthy count of nearly a half million animals. Volumes 4, 5, and 6 of the Hornaday Scrapbook Collection on the History of Wild Life Protection and Extermination illustrate Elliott and Hornaday’s campaign for fur seal protection. The books are composed largely of correspondence and memoranda written by Elliott, who obsessively documented the affair, even drawing up his own political cartoons and organizing a “card catalog” of those he considered enemies to fur seal protection. For Hornaday, who compiled these books in the 1930s with the assistance of H. Ernestine Bulger Ripley, the preservation of Elliott’s materials was a testament to the man he considered the true victor of this fight. Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context 1007-04-04 Wildlife Conservation Society Local metadata elements for the Wildlife Conservation Society Holding Institution Name of the institution which holds the analog material Wildlife Conservation Society Archives Digitization Specifications Detailed information about how digitization was done Camera: Canon EOS 6D with EF 100mm f/2.8L Macro IS USM, Software: Adobe Photoshop Lightroom 4, Master: 240 ppi 16-bit depth color TIFF Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context 1007-04-04-101-c Title A name given to the resource William T. Hornaday wildlife conservation scrapbook, volume 4, page 101c Description An account of the resource Scrapbook page annotated. Has Part A related resource that is included either physically or logically in the described resource. US Senate. Official message from the President of the United States William H. Taft recommending that the North American Commercial Company be denied further lease to collect fur seals from the islands of St. Paul and St. George. Document No. 430, 1910-03-15. Page 2 only. Annotated. Contributor An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource Taft, William H. (William Howard), 1857-1930 United States. Congress. Senate Is Part Of A related resource in which the described resource is physically or logically included. The saving of the fur seal industry, 1909-1912. Part I. William T. Hornaday scrapbook collection on the history of wild life protection and extermination. Volume 4 Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Hornaday, William T. (William Temple), 1854-1937 Ripley, H. Ernestine (Harriet Ernestine), 1872- Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1930 Subject The topic of the resource Elliott, Henry Wood, 1846-1930 Hornaday, William T. (William Temple), 1854-1937 New York Zoological Society Wildlife conservation--United States--History Northern fur seal--Conservation--Law and legislation--History Sealing--Alaska--Pribilof Islands--History Scrapbooks Type The nature or genre of the resource text Language A language of the resource eng Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived Original item in WCS Archives Collection 1007 Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Wildlife Conservation Society Archives Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource This item may be protected by copyright. For rights and permissions, contact the Wildlife Conservation Society Archives, library@wcs.org Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource image/jpeg https://www.hornadayscrapbooks.com/files/original/deb939b0f3e19888a880d42173109663.jpg 44e03e385849a29a54086651c92c0448 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Volume 4: The Saving of the Fur Seal Industry, 1909-1912. Part I, 1890-1930 (bulk 1903-1912) Description An account of the resource When William T. Hornaday joined in the fight to protect the Northern fur seal, he entered a decades-old battle concerning the overhunting of the species on and near the Pribilof Islands. Located 300 miles off the west coast of Alaska, the Pribilof Islands became the property of the United States in 1867, and they enticed enterprising businessmen who rushed to exploit one of the islands’ most prominent natural resources: fur seals. Seal hunting was an established and highly profitable business, and the islands were sought for their rookeries; additionally, during the 1880s, Canadian, American, and Japanese ships aggressively engaged in pelagic sealing to fuel the valuable industry. By the end of the nineteenth century, hunting had depleted the islands’ herds to near-extinction levels. Alarm over this situation developed into a complex, often bitter, international affair involving politicians, government officials, scientists, and other private citizens. For many years, the loudest voice among this last group of individuals belonged to Henry Wood Elliott, an artist and self-described naturalist who served in the 1870s as assistant treasury agent for the Pribilof Islands. Elliott, who was among the first to study and paint the Northern fur seal, also witnessed the species’ massacre in the face of overhunting, and he embarked on a militant crusade for governmental action to protect them. Elliott believed in an end not only to pelagic sealing—a belief supported by many scientists and by the federal Fur Seal Service—but also to managed seal harvesting on land. In his tireless campaign to promote his views, Elliott had become, as Hornaday would later put it, “in much disfavor among the Congressional and departmental enemies of the fur seal,” and Elliott began to despair of his cause. In 1907, feeling his campaign stalled, Elliott reached out to Hornaday for support. Hornaday readily took up the cause, backed by the Camp Fire Club, who agreed to make the issue an official club mandate. Initially, Hornaday’s strategy was to present himself as a nonpartisan figure. Attempting to set aside past history over the issue, he asked Elliott to remain in the background. In February 1910, Hornaday testified before the Senate Committee on Natural Resources and recommended the elimination of the government’s lease of the Pribilof Islands to private companies, an end to pelagic sealing, and a ten-year closed season on land sealing. The bill passed with important provisions for the protection of fur seals. The leasing system was ended in 1910. Pelagic sealing was banned, and the so-called Fur Seal Treaty of 1911, signed by the United States, Great Britain, Japan, and Russia, became the first international treaty to address wildlife conservation. And yet, in spite of this success, the bill was eventually implemented without a fundamental element of Hornaday’s recommendations: the closed season on land sealing, which, contrary to Hornaday and Elliott, many government agents and scientists did not perceive as a threat to the herds. Outraged, Hornaday summoned Elliott from the shadows, and the two marched forward into what Hornaday called the “war of the greatest bitterness ever waged in any fight over a wild animal species,” involving months of angry exchanges via letters and publications as well as congressional hearings on the matter. In the end, in August 1912, Hornaday and Elliott emerged successful, with Congress enacting a five-year closed season. When this closed season expired in 1917, the fur seal population had grown to a healthy count of nearly a half million animals. Volumes 4, 5, and 6 of the Hornaday Scrapbook Collection on the History of Wild Life Protection and Extermination illustrate Elliott and Hornaday’s campaign for fur seal protection. The books are composed largely of correspondence and memoranda written by Elliott, who obsessively documented the affair, even drawing up his own political cartoons and organizing a “card catalog” of those he considered enemies to fur seal protection. For Hornaday, who compiled these books in the 1930s with the assistance of H. Ernestine Bulger Ripley, the preservation of Elliott’s materials was a testament to the man he considered the true victor of this fight. Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context 1007-04-04 Wildlife Conservation Society Local metadata elements for the Wildlife Conservation Society Holding Institution Name of the institution which holds the analog material Wildlife Conservation Society Archives Digitization Specifications Detailed information about how digitization was done Camera: Canon EOS 6D with EF 100mm f/2.8L Macro IS USM, Software: Adobe Photoshop Lightroom 4, Master: 240 ppi 16-bit depth color TIFF Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context 1007-04-04-101-d Title A name given to the resource William T. Hornaday wildlife conservation scrapbook, volume 4, page 101d Has Part A related resource that is included either physically or logically in the described resource. Hornaday, William T. to Henry W. Elliott, 1910-03-16. Is Part Of A related resource in which the described resource is physically or logically included. The saving of the fur seal industry, 1909-1912. Part I. William T. Hornaday scrapbook collection on the history of wild life protection and extermination. Volume 4 Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Hornaday, William T. (William Temple), 1854-1937 Ripley, H. Ernestine (Harriet Ernestine), 1872- Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1930 Subject The topic of the resource Elliott, Henry Wood, 1846-1930 Hornaday, William T. (William Temple), 1854-1937 New York Zoological Society Wildlife conservation--United States--History Northern fur seal--Conservation--Law and legislation--History Sealing--Alaska--Pribilof Islands--History Scrapbooks Type The nature or genre of the resource text Language A language of the resource eng Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived Original item in WCS Archives Collection 1007 Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Wildlife Conservation Society Archives Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource This item may be protected by copyright. For rights and permissions, contact the Wildlife Conservation Society Archives, library@wcs.org Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource image/jpeg https://www.hornadayscrapbooks.com/files/original/63fa759748db2624af4e0e46f40e00ff.jpg d8ab78984f87c9677f3d102176b1cb2d Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Volume 4: The Saving of the Fur Seal Industry, 1909-1912. Part I, 1890-1930 (bulk 1903-1912) Description An account of the resource When William T. Hornaday joined in the fight to protect the Northern fur seal, he entered a decades-old battle concerning the overhunting of the species on and near the Pribilof Islands. Located 300 miles off the west coast of Alaska, the Pribilof Islands became the property of the United States in 1867, and they enticed enterprising businessmen who rushed to exploit one of the islands’ most prominent natural resources: fur seals. Seal hunting was an established and highly profitable business, and the islands were sought for their rookeries; additionally, during the 1880s, Canadian, American, and Japanese ships aggressively engaged in pelagic sealing to fuel the valuable industry. By the end of the nineteenth century, hunting had depleted the islands’ herds to near-extinction levels. Alarm over this situation developed into a complex, often bitter, international affair involving politicians, government officials, scientists, and other private citizens. For many years, the loudest voice among this last group of individuals belonged to Henry Wood Elliott, an artist and self-described naturalist who served in the 1870s as assistant treasury agent for the Pribilof Islands. Elliott, who was among the first to study and paint the Northern fur seal, also witnessed the species’ massacre in the face of overhunting, and he embarked on a militant crusade for governmental action to protect them. Elliott believed in an end not only to pelagic sealing—a belief supported by many scientists and by the federal Fur Seal Service—but also to managed seal harvesting on land. In his tireless campaign to promote his views, Elliott had become, as Hornaday would later put it, “in much disfavor among the Congressional and departmental enemies of the fur seal,” and Elliott began to despair of his cause. In 1907, feeling his campaign stalled, Elliott reached out to Hornaday for support. Hornaday readily took up the cause, backed by the Camp Fire Club, who agreed to make the issue an official club mandate. Initially, Hornaday’s strategy was to present himself as a nonpartisan figure. Attempting to set aside past history over the issue, he asked Elliott to remain in the background. In February 1910, Hornaday testified before the Senate Committee on Natural Resources and recommended the elimination of the government’s lease of the Pribilof Islands to private companies, an end to pelagic sealing, and a ten-year closed season on land sealing. The bill passed with important provisions for the protection of fur seals. The leasing system was ended in 1910. Pelagic sealing was banned, and the so-called Fur Seal Treaty of 1911, signed by the United States, Great Britain, Japan, and Russia, became the first international treaty to address wildlife conservation. And yet, in spite of this success, the bill was eventually implemented without a fundamental element of Hornaday’s recommendations: the closed season on land sealing, which, contrary to Hornaday and Elliott, many government agents and scientists did not perceive as a threat to the herds. Outraged, Hornaday summoned Elliott from the shadows, and the two marched forward into what Hornaday called the “war of the greatest bitterness ever waged in any fight over a wild animal species,” involving months of angry exchanges via letters and publications as well as congressional hearings on the matter. In the end, in August 1912, Hornaday and Elliott emerged successful, with Congress enacting a five-year closed season. When this closed season expired in 1917, the fur seal population had grown to a healthy count of nearly a half million animals. Volumes 4, 5, and 6 of the Hornaday Scrapbook Collection on the History of Wild Life Protection and Extermination illustrate Elliott and Hornaday’s campaign for fur seal protection. The books are composed largely of correspondence and memoranda written by Elliott, who obsessively documented the affair, even drawing up his own political cartoons and organizing a “card catalog” of those he considered enemies to fur seal protection. For Hornaday, who compiled these books in the 1930s with the assistance of H. Ernestine Bulger Ripley, the preservation of Elliott’s materials was a testament to the man he considered the true victor of this fight. Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context 1007-04-04 Wildlife Conservation Society Local metadata elements for the Wildlife Conservation Society Holding Institution Name of the institution which holds the analog material Wildlife Conservation Society Archives Digitization Specifications Detailed information about how digitization was done Camera: Canon EOS 6D with EF 100mm f/2.8L Macro IS USM, Software: Adobe Photoshop Lightroom 4, Master: 240 ppi 16-bit depth color TIFF Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context 1007-04-04-102 Title A name given to the resource William T. Hornaday wildlife conservation scrapbook, volume 4, page 102 Has Part A related resource that is included either physically or logically in the described resource. Hornaday, William T. to Elihu Root, 1910-03-19. 2 pgs. Copy. Contributor An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource Camp Fire Club of America Is Part Of A related resource in which the described resource is physically or logically included. The saving of the fur seal industry, 1909-1912. Part I. William T. Hornaday scrapbook collection on the history of wild life protection and extermination. Volume 4 Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Hornaday, William T. (William Temple), 1854-1937 Ripley, H. Ernestine (Harriet Ernestine), 1872- Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1930 Subject The topic of the resource Elliott, Henry Wood, 1846-1930 Hornaday, William T. (William Temple), 1854-1937 New York Zoological Society Wildlife conservation--United States--History Northern fur seal--Conservation--Law and legislation--History Sealing--Alaska--Pribilof Islands--History Scrapbooks Type The nature or genre of the resource text Language A language of the resource eng Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived Original item in WCS Archives Collection 1007 Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Wildlife Conservation Society Archives Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource This item may be protected by copyright. For rights and permissions, contact the Wildlife Conservation Society Archives, library@wcs.org Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource image/jpeg https://www.hornadayscrapbooks.com/files/original/c43993880eb75be0b10151533485ad65.jpg 0df8003ce34e3714182cd02dbc609c71 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Volume 4: The Saving of the Fur Seal Industry, 1909-1912. Part I, 1890-1930 (bulk 1903-1912) Description An account of the resource When William T. Hornaday joined in the fight to protect the Northern fur seal, he entered a decades-old battle concerning the overhunting of the species on and near the Pribilof Islands. Located 300 miles off the west coast of Alaska, the Pribilof Islands became the property of the United States in 1867, and they enticed enterprising businessmen who rushed to exploit one of the islands’ most prominent natural resources: fur seals. Seal hunting was an established and highly profitable business, and the islands were sought for their rookeries; additionally, during the 1880s, Canadian, American, and Japanese ships aggressively engaged in pelagic sealing to fuel the valuable industry. By the end of the nineteenth century, hunting had depleted the islands’ herds to near-extinction levels. Alarm over this situation developed into a complex, often bitter, international affair involving politicians, government officials, scientists, and other private citizens. For many years, the loudest voice among this last group of individuals belonged to Henry Wood Elliott, an artist and self-described naturalist who served in the 1870s as assistant treasury agent for the Pribilof Islands. Elliott, who was among the first to study and paint the Northern fur seal, also witnessed the species’ massacre in the face of overhunting, and he embarked on a militant crusade for governmental action to protect them. Elliott believed in an end not only to pelagic sealing—a belief supported by many scientists and by the federal Fur Seal Service—but also to managed seal harvesting on land. In his tireless campaign to promote his views, Elliott had become, as Hornaday would later put it, “in much disfavor among the Congressional and departmental enemies of the fur seal,” and Elliott began to despair of his cause. In 1907, feeling his campaign stalled, Elliott reached out to Hornaday for support. Hornaday readily took up the cause, backed by the Camp Fire Club, who agreed to make the issue an official club mandate. Initially, Hornaday’s strategy was to present himself as a nonpartisan figure. Attempting to set aside past history over the issue, he asked Elliott to remain in the background. In February 1910, Hornaday testified before the Senate Committee on Natural Resources and recommended the elimination of the government’s lease of the Pribilof Islands to private companies, an end to pelagic sealing, and a ten-year closed season on land sealing. The bill passed with important provisions for the protection of fur seals. The leasing system was ended in 1910. Pelagic sealing was banned, and the so-called Fur Seal Treaty of 1911, signed by the United States, Great Britain, Japan, and Russia, became the first international treaty to address wildlife conservation. And yet, in spite of this success, the bill was eventually implemented without a fundamental element of Hornaday’s recommendations: the closed season on land sealing, which, contrary to Hornaday and Elliott, many government agents and scientists did not perceive as a threat to the herds. Outraged, Hornaday summoned Elliott from the shadows, and the two marched forward into what Hornaday called the “war of the greatest bitterness ever waged in any fight over a wild animal species,” involving months of angry exchanges via letters and publications as well as congressional hearings on the matter. In the end, in August 1912, Hornaday and Elliott emerged successful, with Congress enacting a five-year closed season. When this closed season expired in 1917, the fur seal population had grown to a healthy count of nearly a half million animals. Volumes 4, 5, and 6 of the Hornaday Scrapbook Collection on the History of Wild Life Protection and Extermination illustrate Elliott and Hornaday’s campaign for fur seal protection. The books are composed largely of correspondence and memoranda written by Elliott, who obsessively documented the affair, even drawing up his own political cartoons and organizing a “card catalog” of those he considered enemies to fur seal protection. For Hornaday, who compiled these books in the 1930s with the assistance of H. Ernestine Bulger Ripley, the preservation of Elliott’s materials was a testament to the man he considered the true victor of this fight. Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context 1007-04-04 Wildlife Conservation Society Local metadata elements for the Wildlife Conservation Society Holding Institution Name of the institution which holds the analog material Wildlife Conservation Society Archives Digitization Specifications Detailed information about how digitization was done Camera: Canon EOS 6D with EF 100mm f/2.8L Macro IS USM, Software: Adobe Photoshop Lightroom 4, Master: 240 ppi 16-bit depth color TIFF Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context 1007-04-04-103 Title A name given to the resource William T. Hornaday wildlife conservation scrapbook, volume 4, page 103 Has Part A related resource that is included either physically or logically in the described resource. Camp Fire Club of America to Elihu Root, 1910-03-19. 2 pgs. Copy. Regulars bow in Senate. Cleveland Plain Dealer, 1910-03-22. Contributor An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource Camp Fire Club of America Is Part Of A related resource in which the described resource is physically or logically included. The saving of the fur seal industry, 1909-1912. Part I. William T. Hornaday scrapbook collection on the history of wild life protection and extermination. Volume 4 Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Hornaday, William T. (William Temple), 1854-1937 Ripley, H. Ernestine (Harriet Ernestine), 1872- Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1930 Subject The topic of the resource Elliott, Henry Wood, 1846-1930 Hornaday, William T. (William Temple), 1854-1937 New York Zoological Society Wildlife conservation--United States--History Northern fur seal--Conservation--Law and legislation--History Sealing--Alaska--Pribilof Islands--History Scrapbooks Type The nature or genre of the resource text Language A language of the resource eng Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived Original item in WCS Archives Collection 1007 Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Wildlife Conservation Society Archives Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource This item may be protected by copyright. For rights and permissions, contact the Wildlife Conservation Society Archives, library@wcs.org Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource image/jpeg https://www.hornadayscrapbooks.com/files/original/44ecc6590dde08da5e1e34767e7c5159.jpg e96e91cb35e6b0f42bb74989e9e65321 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Volume 4: The Saving of the Fur Seal Industry, 1909-1912. Part I, 1890-1930 (bulk 1903-1912) Description An account of the resource When William T. Hornaday joined in the fight to protect the Northern fur seal, he entered a decades-old battle concerning the overhunting of the species on and near the Pribilof Islands. Located 300 miles off the west coast of Alaska, the Pribilof Islands became the property of the United States in 1867, and they enticed enterprising businessmen who rushed to exploit one of the islands’ most prominent natural resources: fur seals. Seal hunting was an established and highly profitable business, and the islands were sought for their rookeries; additionally, during the 1880s, Canadian, American, and Japanese ships aggressively engaged in pelagic sealing to fuel the valuable industry. By the end of the nineteenth century, hunting had depleted the islands’ herds to near-extinction levels. Alarm over this situation developed into a complex, often bitter, international affair involving politicians, government officials, scientists, and other private citizens. For many years, the loudest voice among this last group of individuals belonged to Henry Wood Elliott, an artist and self-described naturalist who served in the 1870s as assistant treasury agent for the Pribilof Islands. Elliott, who was among the first to study and paint the Northern fur seal, also witnessed the species’ massacre in the face of overhunting, and he embarked on a militant crusade for governmental action to protect them. Elliott believed in an end not only to pelagic sealing—a belief supported by many scientists and by the federal Fur Seal Service—but also to managed seal harvesting on land. In his tireless campaign to promote his views, Elliott had become, as Hornaday would later put it, “in much disfavor among the Congressional and departmental enemies of the fur seal,” and Elliott began to despair of his cause. In 1907, feeling his campaign stalled, Elliott reached out to Hornaday for support. Hornaday readily took up the cause, backed by the Camp Fire Club, who agreed to make the issue an official club mandate. Initially, Hornaday’s strategy was to present himself as a nonpartisan figure. Attempting to set aside past history over the issue, he asked Elliott to remain in the background. In February 1910, Hornaday testified before the Senate Committee on Natural Resources and recommended the elimination of the government’s lease of the Pribilof Islands to private companies, an end to pelagic sealing, and a ten-year closed season on land sealing. The bill passed with important provisions for the protection of fur seals. The leasing system was ended in 1910. Pelagic sealing was banned, and the so-called Fur Seal Treaty of 1911, signed by the United States, Great Britain, Japan, and Russia, became the first international treaty to address wildlife conservation. And yet, in spite of this success, the bill was eventually implemented without a fundamental element of Hornaday’s recommendations: the closed season on land sealing, which, contrary to Hornaday and Elliott, many government agents and scientists did not perceive as a threat to the herds. Outraged, Hornaday summoned Elliott from the shadows, and the two marched forward into what Hornaday called the “war of the greatest bitterness ever waged in any fight over a wild animal species,” involving months of angry exchanges via letters and publications as well as congressional hearings on the matter. In the end, in August 1912, Hornaday and Elliott emerged successful, with Congress enacting a five-year closed season. When this closed season expired in 1917, the fur seal population had grown to a healthy count of nearly a half million animals. Volumes 4, 5, and 6 of the Hornaday Scrapbook Collection on the History of Wild Life Protection and Extermination illustrate Elliott and Hornaday’s campaign for fur seal protection. The books are composed largely of correspondence and memoranda written by Elliott, who obsessively documented the affair, even drawing up his own political cartoons and organizing a “card catalog” of those he considered enemies to fur seal protection. For Hornaday, who compiled these books in the 1930s with the assistance of H. Ernestine Bulger Ripley, the preservation of Elliott’s materials was a testament to the man he considered the true victor of this fight. Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context 1007-04-04 Wildlife Conservation Society Local metadata elements for the Wildlife Conservation Society Holding Institution Name of the institution which holds the analog material Wildlife Conservation Society Archives Digitization Specifications Detailed information about how digitization was done Camera: Canon EOS 6D with EF 100mm f/2.8L Macro IS USM, Software: Adobe Photoshop Lightroom 4, Master: 240 ppi 16-bit depth color TIFF Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context 1007-04-04-104 Title A name given to the resource William T. Hornaday wildlife conservation scrapbook, volume 4, page 104 Has Part A related resource that is included either physically or logically in the described resource. Elliott, Henry W. to William T. Hornaday, 1910-04-11. 3 pgs. Contributor An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource Elliott, Henry Wood, 1846-1930 Is Part Of A related resource in which the described resource is physically or logically included. The saving of the fur seal industry, 1909-1912. Part I. William T. Hornaday scrapbook collection on the history of wild life protection and extermination. Volume 4 Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Hornaday, William T. (William Temple), 1854-1937 Ripley, H. Ernestine (Harriet Ernestine), 1872- Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1930 Subject The topic of the resource Elliott, Henry Wood, 1846-1930 Hornaday, William T. (William Temple), 1854-1937 New York Zoological Society Wildlife conservation--United States--History Northern fur seal--Conservation--Law and legislation--History Sealing--Alaska--Pribilof Islands--History Scrapbooks Type The nature or genre of the resource text Language A language of the resource eng Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived Original item in WCS Archives Collection 1007 Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Wildlife Conservation Society Archives Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource This item may be protected by copyright. For rights and permissions, contact the Wildlife Conservation Society Archives, library@wcs.org Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource image/jpeg https://www.hornadayscrapbooks.com/files/original/b90536010ca5a2b9d655769d259e8e01.jpg e39436a2c7ff09bbd1f58b7384a3cad4 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Volume 4: The Saving of the Fur Seal Industry, 1909-1912. Part I, 1890-1930 (bulk 1903-1912) Description An account of the resource When William T. Hornaday joined in the fight to protect the Northern fur seal, he entered a decades-old battle concerning the overhunting of the species on and near the Pribilof Islands. Located 300 miles off the west coast of Alaska, the Pribilof Islands became the property of the United States in 1867, and they enticed enterprising businessmen who rushed to exploit one of the islands’ most prominent natural resources: fur seals. Seal hunting was an established and highly profitable business, and the islands were sought for their rookeries; additionally, during the 1880s, Canadian, American, and Japanese ships aggressively engaged in pelagic sealing to fuel the valuable industry. By the end of the nineteenth century, hunting had depleted the islands’ herds to near-extinction levels. Alarm over this situation developed into a complex, often bitter, international affair involving politicians, government officials, scientists, and other private citizens. For many years, the loudest voice among this last group of individuals belonged to Henry Wood Elliott, an artist and self-described naturalist who served in the 1870s as assistant treasury agent for the Pribilof Islands. Elliott, who was among the first to study and paint the Northern fur seal, also witnessed the species’ massacre in the face of overhunting, and he embarked on a militant crusade for governmental action to protect them. Elliott believed in an end not only to pelagic sealing—a belief supported by many scientists and by the federal Fur Seal Service—but also to managed seal harvesting on land. In his tireless campaign to promote his views, Elliott had become, as Hornaday would later put it, “in much disfavor among the Congressional and departmental enemies of the fur seal,” and Elliott began to despair of his cause. In 1907, feeling his campaign stalled, Elliott reached out to Hornaday for support. Hornaday readily took up the cause, backed by the Camp Fire Club, who agreed to make the issue an official club mandate. Initially, Hornaday’s strategy was to present himself as a nonpartisan figure. Attempting to set aside past history over the issue, he asked Elliott to remain in the background. In February 1910, Hornaday testified before the Senate Committee on Natural Resources and recommended the elimination of the government’s lease of the Pribilof Islands to private companies, an end to pelagic sealing, and a ten-year closed season on land sealing. The bill passed with important provisions for the protection of fur seals. The leasing system was ended in 1910. Pelagic sealing was banned, and the so-called Fur Seal Treaty of 1911, signed by the United States, Great Britain, Japan, and Russia, became the first international treaty to address wildlife conservation. And yet, in spite of this success, the bill was eventually implemented without a fundamental element of Hornaday’s recommendations: the closed season on land sealing, which, contrary to Hornaday and Elliott, many government agents and scientists did not perceive as a threat to the herds. Outraged, Hornaday summoned Elliott from the shadows, and the two marched forward into what Hornaday called the “war of the greatest bitterness ever waged in any fight over a wild animal species,” involving months of angry exchanges via letters and publications as well as congressional hearings on the matter. In the end, in August 1912, Hornaday and Elliott emerged successful, with Congress enacting a five-year closed season. When this closed season expired in 1917, the fur seal population had grown to a healthy count of nearly a half million animals. Volumes 4, 5, and 6 of the Hornaday Scrapbook Collection on the History of Wild Life Protection and Extermination illustrate Elliott and Hornaday’s campaign for fur seal protection. The books are composed largely of correspondence and memoranda written by Elliott, who obsessively documented the affair, even drawing up his own political cartoons and organizing a “card catalog” of those he considered enemies to fur seal protection. For Hornaday, who compiled these books in the 1930s with the assistance of H. Ernestine Bulger Ripley, the preservation of Elliott’s materials was a testament to the man he considered the true victor of this fight. Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context 1007-04-04 Wildlife Conservation Society Local metadata elements for the Wildlife Conservation Society Holding Institution Name of the institution which holds the analog material Wildlife Conservation Society Archives Digitization Specifications Detailed information about how digitization was done Camera: Canon EOS 6D with EF 100mm f/2.8L Macro IS USM, Software: Adobe Photoshop Lightroom 4, Master: 240 ppi 16-bit depth color TIFF Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context 1007-04-04-105 Title A name given to the resource William T. Hornaday wildlife conservation scrapbook, volume 4, page 105 Has Part A related resource that is included either physically or logically in the described resource. Elliott, Henry W. to William T. Hornaday, 1910-04-11. 3 pgs. Contributor An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource Elliott, Henry Wood, 1846-1930 Is Part Of A related resource in which the described resource is physically or logically included. The saving of the fur seal industry, 1909-1912. Part I. William T. Hornaday scrapbook collection on the history of wild life protection and extermination. Volume 4 Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Hornaday, William T. (William Temple), 1854-1937 Ripley, H. Ernestine (Harriet Ernestine), 1872- Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1930 Subject The topic of the resource Elliott, Henry Wood, 1846-1930 Hornaday, William T. (William Temple), 1854-1937 New York Zoological Society Wildlife conservation--United States--History Northern fur seal--Conservation--Law and legislation--History Sealing--Alaska--Pribilof Islands--History Scrapbooks Type The nature or genre of the resource text Language A language of the resource eng Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived Original item in WCS Archives Collection 1007 Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Wildlife Conservation Society Archives Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource This item may be protected by copyright. For rights and permissions, contact the Wildlife Conservation Society Archives, library@wcs.org Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource image/jpeg https://www.hornadayscrapbooks.com/files/original/25b4d2fe3cbced53d089c7776b7a3155.jpg 89f0bca6551870096dc7caa3b647b9bb Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Volume 4: The Saving of the Fur Seal Industry, 1909-1912. Part I, 1890-1930 (bulk 1903-1912) Description An account of the resource When William T. Hornaday joined in the fight to protect the Northern fur seal, he entered a decades-old battle concerning the overhunting of the species on and near the Pribilof Islands. Located 300 miles off the west coast of Alaska, the Pribilof Islands became the property of the United States in 1867, and they enticed enterprising businessmen who rushed to exploit one of the islands’ most prominent natural resources: fur seals. Seal hunting was an established and highly profitable business, and the islands were sought for their rookeries; additionally, during the 1880s, Canadian, American, and Japanese ships aggressively engaged in pelagic sealing to fuel the valuable industry. By the end of the nineteenth century, hunting had depleted the islands’ herds to near-extinction levels. Alarm over this situation developed into a complex, often bitter, international affair involving politicians, government officials, scientists, and other private citizens. For many years, the loudest voice among this last group of individuals belonged to Henry Wood Elliott, an artist and self-described naturalist who served in the 1870s as assistant treasury agent for the Pribilof Islands. Elliott, who was among the first to study and paint the Northern fur seal, also witnessed the species’ massacre in the face of overhunting, and he embarked on a militant crusade for governmental action to protect them. Elliott believed in an end not only to pelagic sealing—a belief supported by many scientists and by the federal Fur Seal Service—but also to managed seal harvesting on land. In his tireless campaign to promote his views, Elliott had become, as Hornaday would later put it, “in much disfavor among the Congressional and departmental enemies of the fur seal,” and Elliott began to despair of his cause. In 1907, feeling his campaign stalled, Elliott reached out to Hornaday for support. Hornaday readily took up the cause, backed by the Camp Fire Club, who agreed to make the issue an official club mandate. Initially, Hornaday’s strategy was to present himself as a nonpartisan figure. Attempting to set aside past history over the issue, he asked Elliott to remain in the background. In February 1910, Hornaday testified before the Senate Committee on Natural Resources and recommended the elimination of the government’s lease of the Pribilof Islands to private companies, an end to pelagic sealing, and a ten-year closed season on land sealing. The bill passed with important provisions for the protection of fur seals. The leasing system was ended in 1910. Pelagic sealing was banned, and the so-called Fur Seal Treaty of 1911, signed by the United States, Great Britain, Japan, and Russia, became the first international treaty to address wildlife conservation. And yet, in spite of this success, the bill was eventually implemented without a fundamental element of Hornaday’s recommendations: the closed season on land sealing, which, contrary to Hornaday and Elliott, many government agents and scientists did not perceive as a threat to the herds. Outraged, Hornaday summoned Elliott from the shadows, and the two marched forward into what Hornaday called the “war of the greatest bitterness ever waged in any fight over a wild animal species,” involving months of angry exchanges via letters and publications as well as congressional hearings on the matter. In the end, in August 1912, Hornaday and Elliott emerged successful, with Congress enacting a five-year closed season. When this closed season expired in 1917, the fur seal population had grown to a healthy count of nearly a half million animals. Volumes 4, 5, and 6 of the Hornaday Scrapbook Collection on the History of Wild Life Protection and Extermination illustrate Elliott and Hornaday’s campaign for fur seal protection. The books are composed largely of correspondence and memoranda written by Elliott, who obsessively documented the affair, even drawing up his own political cartoons and organizing a “card catalog” of those he considered enemies to fur seal protection. For Hornaday, who compiled these books in the 1930s with the assistance of H. Ernestine Bulger Ripley, the preservation of Elliott’s materials was a testament to the man he considered the true victor of this fight. Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context 1007-04-04 Wildlife Conservation Society Local metadata elements for the Wildlife Conservation Society Holding Institution Name of the institution which holds the analog material Wildlife Conservation Society Archives Digitization Specifications Detailed information about how digitization was done Camera: Canon EOS 6D with EF 100mm f/2.8L Macro IS USM, Software: Adobe Photoshop Lightroom 4, Master: 240 ppi 16-bit depth color TIFF Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context 1007-04-04-106 Title A name given to the resource William T. Hornaday wildlife conservation scrapbook, volume 4, page 106 Has Part A related resource that is included either physically or logically in the described resource. Elliott, Henry W. to William T. Hornaday, 1910-04-11. 3 pgs. Contributor An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource Elliott, Henry Wood, 1846-1930 Is Part Of A related resource in which the described resource is physically or logically included. The saving of the fur seal industry, 1909-1912. Part I. William T. Hornaday scrapbook collection on the history of wild life protection and extermination. Volume 4 Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Hornaday, William T. (William Temple), 1854-1937 Ripley, H. Ernestine (Harriet Ernestine), 1872- Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1930 Subject The topic of the resource Elliott, Henry Wood, 1846-1930 Hornaday, William T. (William Temple), 1854-1937 New York Zoological Society Wildlife conservation--United States--History Northern fur seal--Conservation--Law and legislation--History Sealing--Alaska--Pribilof Islands--History Scrapbooks Type The nature or genre of the resource text Language A language of the resource eng Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived Original item in WCS Archives Collection 1007 Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Wildlife Conservation Society Archives Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource This item may be protected by copyright. For rights and permissions, contact the Wildlife Conservation Society Archives, library@wcs.org Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource image/jpeg https://www.hornadayscrapbooks.com/files/original/036a0255e2173d9b912e496abedda8ee.jpg 568bba19218fa269175b80757c51b2ee Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Volume 4: The Saving of the Fur Seal Industry, 1909-1912. Part I, 1890-1930 (bulk 1903-1912) Description An account of the resource When William T. Hornaday joined in the fight to protect the Northern fur seal, he entered a decades-old battle concerning the overhunting of the species on and near the Pribilof Islands. Located 300 miles off the west coast of Alaska, the Pribilof Islands became the property of the United States in 1867, and they enticed enterprising businessmen who rushed to exploit one of the islands’ most prominent natural resources: fur seals. Seal hunting was an established and highly profitable business, and the islands were sought for their rookeries; additionally, during the 1880s, Canadian, American, and Japanese ships aggressively engaged in pelagic sealing to fuel the valuable industry. By the end of the nineteenth century, hunting had depleted the islands’ herds to near-extinction levels. Alarm over this situation developed into a complex, often bitter, international affair involving politicians, government officials, scientists, and other private citizens. For many years, the loudest voice among this last group of individuals belonged to Henry Wood Elliott, an artist and self-described naturalist who served in the 1870s as assistant treasury agent for the Pribilof Islands. Elliott, who was among the first to study and paint the Northern fur seal, also witnessed the species’ massacre in the face of overhunting, and he embarked on a militant crusade for governmental action to protect them. Elliott believed in an end not only to pelagic sealing—a belief supported by many scientists and by the federal Fur Seal Service—but also to managed seal harvesting on land. In his tireless campaign to promote his views, Elliott had become, as Hornaday would later put it, “in much disfavor among the Congressional and departmental enemies of the fur seal,” and Elliott began to despair of his cause. In 1907, feeling his campaign stalled, Elliott reached out to Hornaday for support. Hornaday readily took up the cause, backed by the Camp Fire Club, who agreed to make the issue an official club mandate. Initially, Hornaday’s strategy was to present himself as a nonpartisan figure. Attempting to set aside past history over the issue, he asked Elliott to remain in the background. In February 1910, Hornaday testified before the Senate Committee on Natural Resources and recommended the elimination of the government’s lease of the Pribilof Islands to private companies, an end to pelagic sealing, and a ten-year closed season on land sealing. The bill passed with important provisions for the protection of fur seals. The leasing system was ended in 1910. Pelagic sealing was banned, and the so-called Fur Seal Treaty of 1911, signed by the United States, Great Britain, Japan, and Russia, became the first international treaty to address wildlife conservation. And yet, in spite of this success, the bill was eventually implemented without a fundamental element of Hornaday’s recommendations: the closed season on land sealing, which, contrary to Hornaday and Elliott, many government agents and scientists did not perceive as a threat to the herds. Outraged, Hornaday summoned Elliott from the shadows, and the two marched forward into what Hornaday called the “war of the greatest bitterness ever waged in any fight over a wild animal species,” involving months of angry exchanges via letters and publications as well as congressional hearings on the matter. In the end, in August 1912, Hornaday and Elliott emerged successful, with Congress enacting a five-year closed season. When this closed season expired in 1917, the fur seal population had grown to a healthy count of nearly a half million animals. Volumes 4, 5, and 6 of the Hornaday Scrapbook Collection on the History of Wild Life Protection and Extermination illustrate Elliott and Hornaday’s campaign for fur seal protection. The books are composed largely of correspondence and memoranda written by Elliott, who obsessively documented the affair, even drawing up his own political cartoons and organizing a “card catalog” of those he considered enemies to fur seal protection. For Hornaday, who compiled these books in the 1930s with the assistance of H. Ernestine Bulger Ripley, the preservation of Elliott’s materials was a testament to the man he considered the true victor of this fight. Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context 1007-04-04 Wildlife Conservation Society Local metadata elements for the Wildlife Conservation Society Holding Institution Name of the institution which holds the analog material Wildlife Conservation Society Archives Digitization Specifications Detailed information about how digitization was done Camera: Canon EOS 6D with EF 100mm f/2.8L Macro IS USM, Software: Adobe Photoshop Lightroom 4, Master: 240 ppi 16-bit depth color TIFF Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context 1007-04-04-107 Title A name given to the resource William T. Hornaday wildlife conservation scrapbook, volume 4, page 107 Description An account of the resource Article enclosed with item on page 109, volume 4. Has Part A related resource that is included either physically or logically in the described resource. Elliott, Henry, W. to President of the United States, William H. Taft, 1910-04-23. Annotated, copy. Brands Taft as interests' friend. San Francisco Call, 1910-04-16. Contributor An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource Elliott, Henry Wood, 1846-1930 Is Part Of A related resource in which the described resource is physically or logically included. The saving of the fur seal industry, 1909-1912. Part I. William T. Hornaday scrapbook collection on the history of wild life protection and extermination. Volume 4 Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Hornaday, William T. (William Temple), 1854-1937 Ripley, H. Ernestine (Harriet Ernestine), 1872- Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1930 Subject The topic of the resource Elliott, Henry Wood, 1846-1930 Hornaday, William T. (William Temple), 1854-1937 New York Zoological Society Wildlife conservation--United States--History Northern fur seal--Conservation--Law and legislation--History Sealing--Alaska--Pribilof Islands--History Scrapbooks Type The nature or genre of the resource text Language A language of the resource eng Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived Original item in WCS Archives Collection 1007 Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Wildlife Conservation Society Archives Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource This item may be protected by copyright. For rights and permissions, contact the Wildlife Conservation Society Archives, library@wcs.org Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource image/jpeg